# Learning Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Representations for Sound Recommendations

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.07406 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.07406/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 16 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 16 of 16)

- [A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.05709/) (2020)
- [Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.03748/) (2018)
- [Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.05722/) (2019)
- [Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.07733/) (2020)
- [Improved Baselines with Momentum Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.04297/) (2020)
- [Big Self-Supervised Models are Strong Semi-Supervised Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.10029/) (2020)
- [Self-Supervised Learning of Pretext-Invariant Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.01991/) (2019)
- [VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.14368/) (2020)
- [Look, Listen and Learn](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.08168/) (2017)
- [Audio-Visual Scene Analysis with Self-Supervised Multisensory Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.03641/) (2018)
- [The Sound of Pixels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.03160/) (2018)
- [Objects that Sound](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.06651/) (2017)
- [Learning to Localize Sound Source in Visual Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.03849/) (2018)
- [Visually Indicated Sounds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.08512/) (2015)
- [Learning to Separate Object Sounds by Watching Unlabeled Video](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.01665/) (2018)
- [Learn To Pay Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.02391/) (2018)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a novel self-supervised approach for learning audio and visual representations from unlabeled videos, based on their correspondence. The approach uses an attention mechanism to learn the relative importance of convolutional features extracted at different resolutions from the audio and visual streams and uses the attention features to encode the audio and visual input based on their correspondence. We evaluated the representations learned by the model to classify audio-visual correlation as well as to recommend sound effects for visual scenes. Our results show that the representations generated by the attention model improves the correlation accuracy compared to the baseline, by 18% and the recommendation accuracy by 10% for VGG-Sound, which is a public video dataset. Additionally, audio-visual representations learned by training the attention model with cross-modal contrastive learning further improves the recommendation performance, based on our evaluation using VGG-Sound and a more challenging dataset consisting of gameplay video recordings.