# Intelligent Tutors for Adult Learners: An Analysis of Needs and Challenges

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04477 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04477/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 49 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Visualizing Intelligent Tutor Interactions for Responsive Pedagogy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.12944/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Beyond Final Answers: Evaluating Large Language Models for Math Tutoring](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.16460/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This work examines the sociotechnical factors that influence the adoption and usage of intelligent tutoring systems in self-directed learning contexts, focusing specifically on adult learners. The study is divided into two parts. First, we present Apprentice Tutors, a novel intelligent tutoring system designed to address the unique needs of adult learners. The platform includes adaptive problem selection, real-time feedback, and visual dashboards to support learning in college algebra topics. Second, we investigate the specific needs and experiences of adult users through a deployment study and a series of focus groups. Using thematic analysis, we identify key challenges and opportunities to improve tutor design and adoption. Based on these findings, we offer actionable design recommendations to help developers create intelligent tutoring systems that better align with the motivations and learning preferences of adult learners. This work contributes to a wider understanding of how to improve educational technologies to support lifelong learning and professional development.