# Demand-Aware Beam Hopping and Power Allocation for Load Balancing in Digital Twin empowered LEO Satellite Networks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.08896 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.08896/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 48 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Oct 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [Adapting to Dynamic LEO-B5G Systems: Meta-Critic Learning Based Efficient Resource Scheduling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.06787/) (2021)
- [Dynamic Human Digital Twin Deployment at the Edge for Task Execution: A Two-Timescale Accuracy-Aware Online Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.16710/) (2024)
- [Joint Network Function Placement and Routing Optimization in Dynamic Software-defined Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.13940/) (2023)
- [Joint Optimization of Beam-Hopping Design and NOMA-Assisted Transmission for Flexible Satellite Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.06694/) (2021)
- [Computation and Privacy Protection for Satellite-Ground Digital Twin Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.08525/) (2023)
- [Joint Beam Scheduling and Power Optimization for Beam Hopping LEO Satellite Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.01292/) (2023)
- [Timing Advance Estimation in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.08960/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites utilizing beam hopping (BH) technology offer extensive coverage, low latency, high bandwidth, and significant flexibility. However, the uneven geographical distribution and temporal variability of ground traffic demands, combined with the high mobility of LEO satellites, present significant challenges for efficient beam resource utilization. Traditional BH methods based on GEO satellites fail to address issues such as satellite interference, overlapping coverage, and mobility. This paper explores a Digital Twin (DT)-based collaborative resource allocation network for multiple LEO satellites with overlapping coverage areas. A two-tier optimization problem, focusing on load balancing and cell service fairness, is proposed to maximize throughput and minimize inter-cell service delay. The DT layer optimizes the allocation of overlapping coverage cells by designing BH patterns for each satellite, while the LEO layer optimizes power allocation for each selected service cell. At the DT layer, an Actor-Critic network is deployed on each agent, with a global critic network in the cloud center. The A3C algorithm is employed to optimize the DT layer. Concurrently, the LEO layer optimization is performed using a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning algorithm, where each beam functions as an independent agent. The simulation results show that this method reduces satellite load disparity by about 72.5% and decreases the average delay to 12ms. Additionally, our approach outperforms other benchmarks in terms of throughput, ensuring a better alignment between offered and requested data.