# OpenThaiGPT 1.5: A Thai-Centric Open Source Large Language Model

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07238 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.07238/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 13 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Nov 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.02155/) (2022)
- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18290/) (2023)
- [Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.12186/) (2024)
- [XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.05053/) (2018)
- [XCOPA: A Multilingual Dataset for Causal Commonsense Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00333/) (2020)
- [The Belebele Benchmark: a Parallel Reading Comprehension Dataset in 122 Language Variants](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.16884/) (2023)
- [M3Exam: A Multilingual, Multimodal, Multilevel Benchmark for Examining Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05179/) (2023)
- [A Comprehensive Study of Jailbreak Attack versus Defense for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.13457/) (2024)
- [Typhoon: Thai Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13951/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.13702/) (2024)
- [Typhoon T1: An Open Thai Reasoning Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.09042/) (2025)
- [Typhoon-S: Minimal Open Post-Training for Sovereign Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.18129/) (2026)
- [Sovereign Large Language Models: Advantages, Strategy and Regulations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.04745/) (2025)
- [OpenJAI-v1.0: An Open Thai Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.06847/) (2025)
- [JAI-1: A Thai-Centric Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.08620/) (2025)
- [ThaiSafetyBench: Assessing Language Model Safety in Thai Cultural Contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.04992/) (2026)
- [TSWAP: A Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Thai Wellness Advisor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.22917/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

OpenThaiGPT 1.5 is an advanced Thai language chat model based on Qwen v2.5, finetuned on over 2,000,000 Thai instruction pairs. This report provides an engineering perspective on the model's development, capabilities, and performance. We discuss the model's architecture, training process, and key features, including multi-turn conversation support, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) compatibility, and tool-calling functionality. Benchmark results demonstrate OpenThaiGPT 1.5's state-of-the-art performance on various Thai language tasks, outperforming other open-source Thai language models. We also address practical considerations such as GPU memory requirements and deployment strategies.