# Truth, beauty, and goodness in grand unification: a machine learning approach

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.06718 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.06718/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Nov 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Exploring the flavor structure of quarks and leptons with reinforcement learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.14176/) (2023)
- [Reconstructing S-matrix Phases with Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09451/) (2023)
- [Exploring the Truth and Beauty of Theory Landscapes with Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.11513/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Good flavor search in SU(5): a machine learning approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.08154/) (2025)
- [Unraveling particle dark matter with Physics-Informed Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.17597/) (2025)
- [Revisiting One-Zero and Two-Zero Neutrino Mass Textures in Light of Recent Oscillation and Cosmological Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.08384/) (2026)
- [Uncovering Hidden Leptonic Correlations with Flow Matching and Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.15042/) (2026)
- [The shape of quark flavors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.22812/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We investigate the flavour sector of the supersymmetric SU(5) Grand Unified Theory (GUT) model using machine learning techniques. The minimal SU(5) model is known to predict fermion masses that disagree with observed values in nature. There are two well-known approaches to address this issue: one involves introducing a 45-representation Higgs field, while the other employs a higher-dimensional operator involving the 24-representation GUT Higgs field. We compare these two approaches by numerically optimising a loss function, defined as the ratio of determinants of mass matrices. Our findings indicate that the 24-Higgs approach achieves the observed fermion masses with smaller modifications to the original minimal SU(5) model.