# In-Pixel Foreground and Contrast Enhancement Circuits with Customizable Mapping

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18052 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.18052/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 44 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 Oct 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [They See Me Rollin': Inherent Vulnerability of the Rolling Shutter in CMOS Image Sensors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.10011/) (2021)
- [Adaptive Contrast for Image Regression in Computer-Aided Disease Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11700/) (2021)
- [P2M: A Processing-in-Pixel-in-Memory Paradigm for Resource-Constrained TinyML Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04737/) (2022)
- [A Review on Digital Pixel Sensors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04507/) (2024)
- [Reimagining Sense Amplifiers: Harnessing Phase Transition Materials for Current and Voltage Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.15756/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Lightweight True In-Pixel Encryption with FeFET Enabled Pixel Design for Secure Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.05147/) (2026)
- [STEMPix: A Phase-Transition-Material-Based Pixel Sensor for Resolving Edge-Movement Direction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.04435/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents an innovative in-pixel contrast enhancement circuit that performs image processing directly within the pixel circuit. The circuit can be tuned for different modes of operation. In foreground enhancement mode, it suppresses low-intensity background pixels to nearly zero, isolating the foreground for better object visibility. In contrast enhancement mode, it improves overall image contrast. The contrast enhancement function is customizable both during the design phase and in real-time, allowing the circuit to adapt to specific applications and varying lighting conditions. A model of the designed pixel circuit is developed and applied to a full pixel array, demonstrating significant improvements in image quality. Simulations performed in HSPICE show a nearly 6x increase in Michelson Contrast Ratio (CR) in the foreground enhancement mode. The simulation results indicate its potential for real-time, adaptive contrast enhancement across various imaging environments.