# Communication-Efficient Federated Learning under Dynamic Device Arrival and Departure: Convergence Analysis and Algorithm Design

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05662 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.05662/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 31 of its 51 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 31)

- [Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.05629/) (2016)
- [Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.07747/) (2017)
- [Federated Optimization in Heterogeneous Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.06127/) (2018)
- [Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1509.01626/) (2015)
- [Adaptive Federated Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00295/) (2020)
- [Tackling the Objective Inconsistency Problem in Heterogeneous Federated Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.07481/) (2020)
- [Measuring the Effects of Non-Identical Data Distribution for Federated Visual Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.06335/) (2019)
- [Model-Contrastive Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16257/) (2021)
- [Federated Learning Based on Dynamic Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04263/) (2021)
- [Adaptive Federated Learning in Resource Constrained Edge Computing Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.05271/) (2018)
- [Rethinking Pre-training and Self-training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.06882/) (2020)
- [A Joint Learning and Communications Framework for Federated Learning over Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.07972/) (2019)
- [Federated Learning over Wireless Fading Channels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.09769/) (2019)
- [Energy Efficient Federated Learning Over Wireless Communication Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02417/) (2019)
- [SCAFFOLD: Stochastic Controlled Averaging for Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.06378/) (2019)
- [Federated Continual Learning with Weighted Inter-client Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.03196/) (2020)
- [Federated Class-Incremental Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11473/) (2022)
- [Client Selection and Bandwidth Allocation in Wireless Federated Learning Networks: A Long-Term Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04314/) (2020)
- [Federated Learning over Wireless Networks: Convergence Analysis and Resource Allocation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.13067/) (2019)
- [HFEL: Joint Edge Association and Resource Allocation for Cost-Efficient Hierarchical Federated Edge Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.11343/) (2020)
- [Towards Flexible Device Participation in Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.06954/) (2020)
- [FedVARP: Tackling the Variance Due to Partial Client Participation in Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.14130/) (2022)
- [Fast-Convergent Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.13137/) (2020)
- [Federated Learning over Wireless Device-to-Device Networks: Algorithms and Convergence Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.12704/) (2021)
- [Semi-Decentralized Federated Learning with Cooperative D2D Local Model Aggregations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.10481/) (2021)
- [Quantized Federated Learning under Transmission Delay and Outage Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09397/) (2021)
- [Dynamic Scheduling for Over-the-Air Federated Edge Learning with Energy Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.00490/) (2021)
- [Federated Learning Under Intermittent Client Availability and Time-Varying Communication Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.06730/) (2022)
- [Low-Latency Federated Learning over Wireless Channels with Differential Privacy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13039/) (2021)
- [Cost-Effective Federated Learning in Mobile Edge Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05411/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Learning In Chaos: Efficient Autoscaling and Self-Healing for Multi-Party Distributed Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.12815/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Most federated learning (FL) approaches assume a fixed device set. However, real-world scenarios often involve devices dynamically joining or leaving the system, driven by, e.g., user mobility patterns or handovers across cell boundaries. This dynamic setting introduces unique challenges: (1) the optimization objective evolves with the active device set, unlike traditional FL's static objective; and (2) the current global model may no longer serve as an effective initialization for subsequent rounds, potentially hindering adaptation, delaying convergence, and reducing resource efficiency. To address these challenges, we first provide a convergence analysis for FL under a dynamic device set, accounting for factors such as gradient noise, local training iterations, and data heterogeneity in this practical setting. Motivated by this analysis, we propose a model initialization algorithm that enables rapid adaptation whenever devices join or leave the network. Our key idea is to compute a weighted average of previous global models, guided by gradient similarity, to prioritize models trained on data distributions that closely align with the current device set, thereby accelerating recovery from distribution shifts in fewer training rounds. This plug-and-play algorithm is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing FL methods, offering broad applicability. Experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves convergence speedups typically an order of magnitude or more compared to baselines, which we show drastically reduces energy consumption to reach a target accuracy.