# Unifying the Scope of Bridging Anaphora Types in English: Bridging Annotations in ARRAU and GUM

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01170 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.01170/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 21 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [GENTLE: A Genre-Diverse Multilayer Challenge Set for English NLP and Linguistic Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.01966/) (2023)
- [OntoGUM: Evaluating Contextualized SOTA Coreference Resolution on 12 More Genres](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.00933/) (2021)
- [Bridging Anaphora Resolution as Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.07898/) (2020)
- [A Cross-Genre Ensemble Approach to Robust Reddit Part of Speech Tagging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.14312/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Subjectivity in the Annotation of Bridging Anaphora](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.07297/) (2025)
- [GUMBridge: a Corpus for Varieties of Bridging Anaphora](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.07134/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Comparing bridging annotations across coreference resources is difficult, largely due to a lack of standardization across definitions and annotation schemas and narrow coverage of disparate text domains across resources. To alleviate domain coverage issues and consolidate schemas, we compare guidelines and use interpretable predictive models to examine the bridging instances annotated in the GUM, GENTLE and ARRAU corpora. Examining these cases, we find that there is a large difference in types of phenomena annotated as bridging. Beyond theoretical results, we release a harmonized, subcategorized version of the test sets of GUM, GENTLE and the ARRAU Wall Street Journal data to promote meaningful and reliable evaluation of bridging resolution across domains.