# Abstractive Summarization of Low resourced Nepali language using Multilingual Transformers

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.19566 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.19566/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 23 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.13461/) (2019)
- [QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14314/) (2023)
- [Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.3555/) (2014)
- [mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11934/) (2020)
- [Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.04606/) (2016)
- [Multilingual Denoising Pre-training for Neural Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08210/) (2020)
- [XL-Sum: Large-Scale Multilingual Abstractive Summarization for 44 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13822/) (2021)
- [Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.00401/) (2020)
- [Summarizing Indian Languages using Multilingual Transformers based Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.16657/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Automatic text summarization in Nepali language is an unexplored area in natural language processing (NLP). Although considerable research has been dedicated to extractive summarization, the area of abstractive summarization, especially for low-resource languages such as Nepali, remains largely unexplored. This study explores the use of multilingual transformer models, specifically mBART and mT5, for generating headlines for Nepali news articles through abstractive summarization. The research addresses key challenges associated with summarizing texts in Nepali by first creating a summarization dataset through web scraping from various Nepali news portals. These multilingual models were then fine-tuned using different strategies. The performance of the fine-tuned models were then assessed using ROUGE scores and human evaluation to ensure the generated summaries were coherent and conveyed the original meaning. During the human evaluation, the participants were asked to select the best summary among those generated by the models, based on criteria such as relevance, fluency, conciseness, informativeness, factual accuracy, and coverage. During the evaluation with ROUGE scores, the 4-bit quantized mBART with LoRA model was found to be effective in generating better Nepali news headlines in comparison to other models and also it was selected 34.05% of the time during the human evaluation, outperforming all other fine-tuned models created for Nepali News headline generation.