# Investigation on domain adaptation of additive manufacturing monitoring systems to enhance digital twin reusability

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12785 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.12785/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 30 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Domain-Adversarial Training of Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.07818/) (2015)
- [Generalizing to Unseen Domains: A Survey on Domain Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.03097/) (2021)
- [Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.02560/) (2017)
- [Adaptive Risk Minimization: Learning to Adapt to Domain Shift](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02931/) (2020)
- [A Comprehensive Review of Digital Twin -- Part 1: Modeling and Twinning Enabling Technologies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.14197/) (2022)
- [Transferability analysis of data-driven additive manufacturing knowledge: a case study between powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.06286/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Adaptive few-shot learning for robust part quality classification in two-photon lithography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.08885/) (2026)
- [Event Cameras for Melt-Pool Monitoring in Additive Manufacturing: A Benchmark and a Cross-Machine Transfer Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06973/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is an emerging metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology that enables rapid fabrication of complex geometries. However, defects such as pores and balling may occur and lead to structural unconformities, thus compromising the mechanical performance of the part. This has become a critical challenge for quality assurance as the nature of some defects is stochastic during the process and invisible from the exterior. To address this issue, digital twin (DT) using machine learning (ML)-based modeling can be deployed for AM process monitoring and control. Melt pool is one of the most commonly observed physical phenomena for process monitoring, usually by high-speed cameras. Once labeled and preprocessed, the melt pool images are used to train ML-based models for DT applications such as process anomaly detection and print quality evaluation. Nonetheless, the reusability of DTs is restricted due to the wide variability of AM settings, including AM machines and monitoring instruments. The performance of the ML models trained using the dataset collected from one setting is usually compromised when applied to other settings. This paper proposes a knowledge transfer pipeline between different AM settings to enhance the reusability of AM DTs. The source and target datasets are collected from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and National Cheng Kung University with different cameras, materials, AM machines, and process parameters. The proposed pipeline consists of four steps: data preprocessing, data augmentation, domain alignment, and decision alignment. Compared with the model trained only using the source dataset, this pipeline increased the melt pool anomaly detection accuracy by 31% without any labeled training data from the target dataset.