# PMR-Net: Parallel Multi-Resolution Encoder-Decoder Network Framework for Medical Image Segmentation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.12678 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.12678/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 34 of its 53 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Sep 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [Densely Connected Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.06993/) (2016)
- [Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.00567/) (2015)
- [Going Deeper with Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.4842/) (2014)
- [DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.00915/) (2016)
- [Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.02611/) (2018)
- [Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.05431/) (2016)
- [Pyramid Scene Parsing Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.01105/) (2016)
- [CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Module](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06521/) (2018)
- [TransUNet: Transformers Make Strong Encoders for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.04306/) (2021)
- [UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.10165/) (2018)
- [SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.00561/) (2015)
- [Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07919/) (2019)
- [Dual Attention Network for Scene Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02983/) (2018)
- [Skin Lesion Analysis Toward Melanoma Detection 2018: A Challenge Hosted by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.03368/) (2019)
- [Image Segmentation Using Deep Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.05566/) (2020)
- [Segmentation Transformer: Object-Contextual Representations for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.11065/) (2019)
- [Graph U-Nets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05178/) (2019)
- [Res2Net: A New Multi-scale Backbone Architecture](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.01169/) (2019)
- [RefineNet: Multi-Path Refinement Networks for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.06612/) (2016)
- [Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.08987/) (2017)
- [Learning Deconvolution Network for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04366/) (2015)
- [CE-Net: Context Encoder Network for 2D Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.02740/) (2019)
- [Large Kernel Matters -- Improve Semantic Segmentation by Global Convolutional Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.02719/) (2017)
- [MultiResUNet : Rethinking the U-Net Architecture for Multimodal Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.04049/) (2019)
- [Medical Image Segmentation Using Deep Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.13120/) (2020)
- [Full-Resolution Residual Networks for Semantic Segmentation in Street Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.08323/) (2016)
- [MSRF-Net: A Multi-Scale Residual Fusion Network for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.07451/) (2021)
- [Automatic Liver and Lesion Segmentation in CT Using Cascaded Fully Convolutional Neural Networks and 3D Conditional Random Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1610.02177/) (2016)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, encoder-decoder networks have focused on expanding receptive fields and incorporating multi-scale context to capture global features for objects of varying sizes. However, as networks deepen, they often discard fine spatial details, impairing precise object localization. Additionally, conventional decoders' use of interpolation for upsampling leads to a loss of global context, diminishing edge segmentation accuracy. To address the above problems, we propose a novel parallel multi-resolution encoder-decoder network, namely PMR-Net for short. First, we design a parallel multi-resolution encoder and a multi-resolution context encoder. The parallel multi-resolution encoder can extract and fuse multi-scale fine-grained local features in parallel for input images with different resolutions. The multi-resolution context encoder fuses the global context semantic features of different receptive fields from different encoder branches to maintain effectively the integrity of global information. Secondly, we design a parallel multi-resolution decoder symmetrical to the structure of parallel multi-resolution encoder. The decoder can continuously supplement the global context features of low-resolution branches to the feature maps of high-resolution branches, and effectively solve the problem of global context feature loss caused by upsampling operation in the decoding process. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that our proposed PMR-Net can achieve more accurate segmentation results than state-of-the-art methods on five public available datasets. Moreover, PMR-Net is also a flexible network framework, which can meet the requirements of different scenarios by adjusting the number of network layers and the number of parallel encoder-decoder branches.