# Generating Event-oriented Attribution for Movies via Two-Stage Prefix-Enhanced Multimodal LLM

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09362 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09362/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Video understanding with MLLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models.
- Builds on 32 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2024.

## Placed in

- Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models / [Video understanding with MLLMs](https://mlsanity.com/mllm/video-understanding-with-mllms/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 32)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [Mask R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06870/) (2017)
- [BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.12597/) (2023)
- [BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.12086/) (2022)
- [Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.05918/) (2021)
- [Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.11416/) (2022)
- [InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.06500/) (2023)
- [MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.10592/) (2023)
- [Align before Fuse: Vision and Language Representation Learning with Momentum Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.07651/) (2021)
- [LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07490/) (2019)
- [Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02858/) (2023)
- [Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1406.2199/) (2014)
- [Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05424/) (2023)
- [VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.06355/) (2023)
- [COMET: Commonsense Transformers for Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05317/) (2019)
- [MovieNet: A Holistic Dataset for Movie Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.10937/) (2020)
- [SwinBERT: End-to-End Transformers with Sparse Attention for Video Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.13196/) (2021)
- [Towards Long-Form Video Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.11310/) (2021)
- [VideoLLM: Modeling Video Sequence with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13292/) (2023)
- [DeCap: Decoding CLIP Latents for Zero-Shot Captioning via Text-Only Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.03032/) (2023)
- [MovieGraphs: Towards Understanding Human-Centric Situations from Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.06761/) (2017)
- [Event Representations for Automated Story Generation with Deep Neural Nets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.01331/) (2017)
- [REVIVE: Regional Visual Representation Matters in Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01201/) (2022)
- [Action Recognition with Trajectory-Pooled Deep-Convolutional Descriptors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04868/) (2015)
- [AutoAD: Movie Description in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.16899/) (2023)
- [Learning Interactions and Relationships between Movie Characters](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13158/) (2020)
- [Affect2MM: Affective Analysis of Multimedia Content Using Emotion Causality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.06541/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Towards Effective Long-Video Event Prediction via Multi-Level Event Semantics Mining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.31069/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The prosperity of social media platforms has raised the urgent demand for semantic-rich services, e.g., event and storyline attribution. However, most existing research focuses on clip-level event understanding, primarily through basic captioning tasks, without analyzing the causes of events across an entire movie. This is a significant challenge, as even advanced multimodal large language models (MLLMs) struggle with extensive multimodal information due to limited context length. To address this issue, we propose a Two-Stage Prefix-Enhanced MLLM (TSPE) approach for event attribution, i.e., connecting associated events with their causal semantics, in movie videos. In the local stage, we introduce an interaction-aware prefix that guides the model to focus on the relevant multimodal information within a single clip, briefly summarizing the single event. Correspondingly, in the global stage, we strengthen the connections between associated events using an inferential knowledge graph, and design an event-aware prefix that directs the model to focus on associated events rather than all preceding clips, resulting in accurate event attribution. Comprehensive evaluations of two real-world datasets demonstrate that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods.