# Automated design of nonreciprocal thermal emitters via Bayesian optimization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09192 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09192/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 74 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Sep 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Multi-fidelity Bayesian Optimisation with Continuous Approximations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06240/) (2017)
- [Thinking inside the box: A tutorial on grey-box Bayesian optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.00272/) (2022)
- [Multi-fidelity Bayesian Optimization: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.13050/) (2023)
- [Epsilon-Greedy Thompson Sampling to Bayesian Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.00540/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Multi-fidelity Machine Learning for Uncertainty Quantification and Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.23482/) (2024)
- [Sampling from Gaussian Processes: A Tutorial and Applications in Global Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.14746/) (2025)
- [Bayesian Optimization under Uncertainty for Training a Scale Parameter in Stochastic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.06439/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Nonreciprocal thermal emitters that break Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation promise exciting applications for thermal and energy applications. The design of the bandwidth and angular range of the nonreciprocal effect, which directly affects the performance of nonreciprocal emitters, typically relies on physical intuition. In this study, we present a general numerical approach to maximize the nonreciprocal effect. We choose doped magneto-optic materials and magnetic Weyl semimetal materials as model materials and focus on pattern-free multilayer structures. The optimization randomly starts from a less effective structure and incrementally improves the broadband nonreciprocity through the combination of Bayesian optimization and reparameterization. Optimization results show that the proposed approach can discover structures that can achieve broadband nonreciprocal emission at wavelengths from 5 to 40 micrometers using only a fewer layers, significantly outperforming current state-of-the-art designs based on intuition in terms of both performance and simplicity.