# MambaFoley: Foley Sound Generation using Selective State-Space Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09162 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09162/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models.
- Builds on 39 of its 45 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Sep 2024.

## Placed in

- Diffusion models / [Audio, speech and music](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/audio-speech-and-music/)
- State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) / [Speech and audio SSMs](https://mlsanity.com/ssm/speech-and-audio-ssms/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 39)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6980/) (2014)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.12598/) (2022)
- [Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00752/) (2023)
- [Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00396/) (2021)
- [FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.07871/) (2017)
- [WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.03499/) (2016)
- [Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.10509/) (2019)
- [Root Mean Square Layer Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.07467/) (2019)
- [Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.21060/) (2024)
- [Variational Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.00630/) (2021)
- [CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.09430/) (2016)
- [Combining Recurrent, Convolutional, and Continuous-time Models with Linear State-Space Layers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.13985/) (2021)
- [PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.10211/) (2019)
- [AudioLDM 2: Learning Holistic Audio Generation with Self-supervised Pretraining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.05734/) (2023)
- [FSD50K: An Open Dataset of Human-Labeled Sound Events](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.00475/) (2020)
- [Make-An-Audio: Text-To-Audio Generation with Prompt-Enhanced Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.12661/) (2023)
- [Diffsound: Discrete Diffusion Model for Text-to-sound Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.09983/) (2022)
- [Fr'echet Audio Distance: A Metric for Evaluating Music Enhancement Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08466/) (2018)
- [It's Raw! Audio Generation with State-Space Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.09729/) (2022)
- [SampleRNN: An Unconditional End-to-End Neural Audio Generation Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.07837/) (2016)
- [Adapting Frechet Audio Distance for Generative Music Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01616/) (2023)
- [Hydra: Bidirectional State Space Models Through Generalized Matrix Mixers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.09941/) (2024)
- [CRASH: Raw Audio Score-based Generative Modeling for Controllable High-resolution Drum Sound Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.07431/) (2021)
- [Full-band General Audio Synthesis with Score-based Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.14661/) (2022)
- [RawBMamba: End-to-End Bidirectional State Space Model for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06086/) (2024)
- [SyncFusion: Multimodal Onset-synchronized Video-to-Audio Foley Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.15247/) (2023)
- [Foley Sound Synthesis at the DCASE 2023 Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.12521/) (2023)
- [T-FOLEY: A Controllable Waveform-Domain Diffusion Model for Temporal-Event-Guided Foley Sound Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09294/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [FolAI: Synchronized Foley Sound Generation with Semantic and Temporal Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.15023/) (2024)
- [AI-Assisted Music Production: A User Study on Text-to-Music Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23364/) (2025)
- [Exploring Efficient Waveform Diffusion Models for Foley Sound Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.29148/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in deep learning have led to widespread use of techniques for audio content generation, notably employing Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) across various tasks. Among these, Foley Sound Synthesis is of particular interest for its role in applications for the creation of multimedia content. Given the temporal-dependent nature of sound, it is crucial to design generative models that can effectively handle the sequential modeling of audio samples. Selective State Space Models (SSMs) have recently been proposed as a valid alternative to previously proposed techniques, demonstrating competitive performance with lower computational complexity. In this paper, we introduce MambaFoley, a diffusion-based model that, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to leverage the recently proposed SSM known as Mamba for the Foley sound generation task. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compare it with a state-of-the-art Foley sound generative model using both objective and subjective analyses.