# Training-free Color-Style Disentanglement for Constrained Text-to-Image Synthesis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02429 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.02429/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models.
- Builds on 50 of its 54 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 4 Sep 2024.

## Placed in

- Diffusion models / [Image generation, text-to-image and editing](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/image-generation-text-to-image-and-editing/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 50)

- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.10683/) (2019)
- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.02502/) (2020)
- [Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02643/) (2023)
- [Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.03585/) (2015)
- [Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06125/) (2022)
- [Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11487/) (2022)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10741/) (2021)
- [Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.05499/) (2023)
- [DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.12242/) (2022)
- [An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.01618/) (2022)
- [IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06721/) (2023)
- [T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.08453/) (2023)
- [Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.04488/) (2022)
- [Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13826/) (2023)
- [Paint by Example: Exemplar-based Image Editing with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13227/) (2022)
- [BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14720/) (2023)
- [ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.13848/) (2023)
- [AnyDoor: Zero-shot Object-level Image Customization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09481/) (2023)
- [InstantBooth: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-Time Finetuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03411/) (2023)
- [FastComposer: Tuning-Free Multi-Subject Image Generation with Localized Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10431/) (2023)
- [FreeDoM: Training-Free Energy-Guided Conditional Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09833/) (2023)
- [Inversion-Based Style Transfer with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13203/) (2022)
- [Mix-of-Show: Decentralized Low-Rank Adaptation for Multi-Concept Customization of Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18292/) (2023)
- [P+: Extended Textual Conditioning in Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09522/) (2023)
- [Style Aligned Image Generation via Shared Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.02133/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [MultLFG: Training-free Multi-LoRA composition using Frequency-domain Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.20525/) (2025)
- [Coffee: Controllable Diffusion Fine-tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.14113/) (2025)
- [Inference-Time Loss-Guided Colour Preservation in Diffusion Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.17259/) (2026)
- [Paint-Anything: Unified Any-Color Control for Image Generation and Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.20816/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We consider the problem of independently, in a disentangled fashion, controlling the outputs of text-to-image diffusion models with color and style attributes of a user-supplied reference image. We present the first training-free, test-time-only method to disentangle and condition text-to-image models on color and style attributes from reference image. To realize this, we propose two key innovations. Our first contribution is to transform the latent codes at inference time using feature transformations that make the covariance matrix of current generation follow that of the reference image, helping meaningfully transfer color. Next, we observe that there exists a natural disentanglement between color and style in the LAB image space, which we exploit to transform the self-attention feature maps of the image being generated with respect to those of the reference computed from its L channel. Both these operations happen purely at test time and can be done independently or merged. This results in a flexible method where color and style information can come from the same reference image or two different sources, and a new generation can seamlessly fuse them in either scenario.