# Potamoi: Accelerating Neural Rendering via a Unified Streaming Architecture

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.06608 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.06608/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 13 Aug 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Neo: Real-Time On-Device 3D Gaussian Splatting with Reuse-and-Update Sorting Acceleration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.12930/) (2025)
- [STREAMINGGS: Voxel-Based Streaming 3D Gaussian Splatting with Memory Optimization and Architectural Support](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.09070/) (2025)
- [FilterGS: Traversal-Free Parallel Filtering and Adaptive Shrinking for Large-Scale LoD 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.23891/) (2026)
- [DeGS: A Scalable 3DGS Architecture via Decoupled Workload Parsing and Reorganization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.02099/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has emerged as a promising alternative for photorealistic rendering. Despite recent algorithmic advancements, achieving real-time performance on today's resource-constrained devices remains challenging. In this paper, we identify the primary bottlenecks in current NeRF algorithms and introduce a unified algorithm-architecture co-design, Potamoi, designed to accommodate various NeRF algorithms. Specifically, we introduce a runtime system featuring a plug-and-play algorithm, SpaRW, which significantly reduces the per-frame computational workload and alleviates compute inefficiencies. Furthermore, our unified streaming pipeline coupled with customized hardware support effectively tames both SRAM and DRAM inefficiencies by minimizing repetitive DRAM access and completely eliminating SRAM bank conflicts. When evaluated against a baseline utilizing a dedicated DNN accelerator, our framework demonstrates a speed-up and energy reduction of 53.1× and 67.7×, respectively, all while maintaining high visual quality with less than a 1.0 dB reduction in peak signal-to-noise ratio.