# A self-adaptive system of systems architecture to enable its ad-hoc scalability: Unmanned Vehicle Fleet -- Mission Control Center Case study

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03963 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.03963/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 27 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Grounding Human-to-Vehicle Advice for Self-driving Vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.06978/) (2019)
- [Multi-Robot System Architecture design in SysML and BPMN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18749/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Holon Programming Model -- A Software-Defined Approach for System of Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.17784/) (2024)
- [Urban Air Mobility as a System of Systems: An LLM-Enhanced Holonic Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.00368/) (2025)
- [Toward AI-Augmented Cooperative Engineering Workflows: Requirements and Architecture the European Rover Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.31136/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A System of Systems (SoS) comprises Constituent Systems (CSs) that interact to provide unique capabilities beyond any single CS. A key challenge in SoS is ad-hoc scalability, meaning the system size changes during operation by adding or removing CSs. This research focuses on an Unmanned Vehicle Fleet (UVF) as a practical SoS example, addressing uncertainties like mission changes, range extensions, and UV failures. The proposed solution involves a self-adaptive system that dynamically adjusts UVF architecture, allowing the Mission Control Center (MCC) to scale UVF size automatically based on performance criteria or manually by operator decision. A multi-agent environment and rule management engine were implemented to simulate and verify this approach.