# Generalizing Deep Surrogate Solvers for Broadband Electromagnetic Field Prediction at Unseen Wavelengths

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02971 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.02971/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 26 of its 70 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 26 of 26)

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- [Towards General Neural Surrogate Solvers with Specialized Neural Accelerators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.02351/) (2024)
- [A Domain-adaptive Physics-informed Neural Network for Inverse Problems of Maxwell's Equations in Heterogeneous Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06436/) (2023)
- [Deep-learning-driven end-to-end metalens imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.02669/) (2023)
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- [Progressive-Growing of Generative Adversarial Networks for Metasurface Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.13029/) (2019)
- [Physics-based neural network for non-invasive control of coherent light in scattering media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.00487/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, electromagnetic surrogate solvers, trained on solutions of Maxwell's equations under specific simulation conditions, enabled fast inference of computationally expensive simulations. However, conventional electromagnetic surrogate solvers often consider only a narrow range of spectrum and fail when encountering even slight variations in simulation conditions. To address this limitation, we define spectral consistency as the property by which the spatial frequency structure of wavelength-dependent condition embeddings matches that of the target electromagnetic field patterns. In addition, we propose two complementary components: a refined wave prior, which is the condition embedding that satisfies spectral consistency, and Wave-Informed element-wise Multiplicative Encoding (WIME), which integrates these embeddings throughout the model while preserving spectral consistency. This framework enables accurate field prediction across the broadband spectrum, including untrained intermediate wavelengths. Our approach reduces the normalized mean squared error at untrained wavelengths by up to 71% compared to the state-of-the-art electromagnetic surrogate solver and achieves a speedup of over 42 times relative to conventional numerical simulations.