# Improving Health Information Access in the World's Largest Maternal Mobile Health Program via Bandit Algorithms

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12131 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.12131/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 17 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 May 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Collapsing Bandits and Their Application to Public Health Interventions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.04432/) (2020)
- [Age of Information: Whittle Index for Scheduling Stochastic Arrivals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03422/) (2018)
- [Learning to Prescribe Interventions for Tuberculosis Patients Using Digital Adherence Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.01506/) (2019)
- [Missed calls, Automated Calls and Health Support: Using AI to improve maternal health outcomes by increasing program engagement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.07590/) (2020)
- [Limited Resource Allocation in a Non-Markovian World: The Case of Maternal and Child Healthcare](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.12640/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Improving the Prediction of Individual Engagement in Recommendations Using Cognitive Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.16147/) (2024)
- [Bandit Simulation for Average Reward Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.00913/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Harnessing the wide-spread availability of cell phones, many nonprofits have launched mobile health (mHealth) programs to deliver information via voice or text to beneficiaries in underserved communities, with maternal and infant health being a key area of such mHealth programs. Unfortunately, dwindling listenership is a major challenge, requiring targeted interventions using limited resources. This paper focuses on Kilkari, the world's largest mHealth program for maternal and child care - with over 3 million active subscribers at a time - launched by India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and run by the non-profit ARRMAN. We present a system called CHAHAK that aims to reduce automated dropouts as well as boost engagement with the program through the strategic allocation of interventions to beneficiaries. Past work in a similar domain has focused on a much smaller scale mHealth program and used markovian restless multiarmed bandits to optimize a single limited intervention resource. However this paper demonstrates the challenges in adopting a markovian approach in Kilkari; therefore CHAHAK instead relies on non-markovian time-series restless bandits, and optimizes multiple interventions to improve listenership. We use real Kilkari data from the Odisha state in India to show CHAHAK's effectiveness in harnessing multiple interventions to boost listenership, benefiting marginalized communities. When deployed CHAHAK will assist the largest maternal mHealth program to date.