# Large Language Model-based FMRI Encoding of Language Functions for Subjects with Neurocognitive Disorder

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.10376 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.10376/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 7 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.01068/) (2022)
- [Scaling laws for language encoding models in fMRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11863/) (2023)
- [Toward a realistic model of speech processing in the brain with self-supervised learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01685/) (2022)
- [Self-supervised models of audio effectively explain human cortical responses to speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.14252/) (2022)
- [Brain encoding models based on multimodal transformers can transfer across language and vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.12248/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Detecting Neurocognitive Disorders through Analyses of Topic Evolution and Cross-modal Consistency in Visual-Stimulated Narratives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.03727/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is essential for developing encoding models that identify functional changes in language-related brain areas of individuals with Neurocognitive Disorders (NCD). While large language model (LLM)-based fMRI encoding has shown promise, existing studies predominantly focus on healthy, young adults, overlooking older NCD populations and cognitive level correlations. This paper explores language-related functional changes in older NCD adults using LLM-based fMRI encoding and brain scores, addressing current limitations. We analyze the correlation between brain scores and cognitive scores at both whole-brain and language-related ROI levels. Our findings reveal that higher cognitive abilities correspond to better brain scores, with correlations peaking in the middle temporal gyrus. This study highlights the potential of fMRI encoding models and brain scores for detecting early functional changes in NCD patients.