# Cyber Physical Games

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.05817 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05817/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 77 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 Jul 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Uncertainty-based Traffic Accident Anticipation with Spatio-Temporal Relational Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.00334/) (2020)
- [Safe Exploration of State and Action Spaces in Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1402.0560/) (2014)
- [Internet of Things: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06409/) (2017)
- [Categorical Semantics of Cyber-Physical Systems Theory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.08003/) (2020)
- [Relaxing Exclusive Control in Boolean Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.08736/) (2017)
- [Equilibrium Design for Concurrent Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.10192/) (2021)
- [Hypergames and Cyber-Physical Security for Control Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.02240/) (2018)
- [Cooperative Concurrent Games](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.06157/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Agentic Driving Coach: Robustness and Determinism of Agentic AI-Powered Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11705/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We describe a formulation of multi-agents operating within a Cyber-Physical System, resulting in collaborative or adversarial games. We show that the non-determinism inherent in the communication medium between agents and the underlying physical environment gives rise to environment evolution that is a probabilistic function of agents' strategies. We name these emergent properties Cyber Physical Games and study its properties. We present an algorithmic model that determines the most likely system evolution, approximating Cyber Physical Games through Probabilistic Finite State Automata, and evaluate it on collaborative and adversarial versions of the Iterated Boolean Game, comparing theoretical results with simulated ones. Results support the validity of the proposed model, and suggest several required research directions to continue evolving our understanding of Cyber Physical System, as well as how to best design agents that must operate within such environments.