# Deep-learning-assisted reconfigurable metasurface antenna for real-time holographic beam steering

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14585 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.14585/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 38 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Empirical Evaluation of Rectified Activations in Convolutional Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.00853/) (2015)
- [Tutorial on Variational Autoencoders](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.05908/) (2016)
- [Variational Autoencoder for Deep Learning of Images, Labels and Captions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.08976/) (2016)
- [A deep learning approach for inverse design of the metasurface for dual-polarized waves](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.08508/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a metasurface antenna capable of real time holographic beam steering. An array of reconfigurable dipoeles can generate on demand far field patterns of radiation through the specific encoding of meta atomic states. i.e., the configuration of each dipole. Suitable states for the generation of the desired patterns can be identified using iteartion, but this is very slow and needs to be done for each far field pattern. Here, we present a deep learning based method for the control of a metasurface antenna with point dipole elements that vary in their state using dipole polarizability. Instead of iteration, we adopt a deep learning algorithm that combines an autoencoder with an electromagnetic scattering equation to determin the states required for a target far field pattern in real time. The scattering equation from Born approximation is used as the decoder in training the neural network, and analytic Green's function calculation is used to check the validity of Born approximation. Our learning based algorithm requires a computing time of within in 200 microseconds to determine the meta atomic states, thus enabling the real time opeartion of a holographic antenna.