# Chain-of-Though (CoT) prompting strategies for medical error detection and correction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09103 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09103/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 19 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11401/) (2020)
- [Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11171/) (2022)
- [BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.09675/) (2019)
- [Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11916/) (2022)
- [Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.13138/) (2022)
- [Text Embeddings by Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.03533/) (2022)
- [BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04696/) (2020)
- [The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13688/) (2023)
- [The CoT Collection: Improving Zero-shot and Few-shot Learning of Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Fine-Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14045/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [FineMedLM-o1: Enhancing Medical Knowledge Reasoning Ability of LLM from Supervised Fine-Tuning to Test-Time Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.09213/) (2025)
- [Citrus: Leveraging Expert Cognitive Pathways in a Medical Language Model for Advanced Medical Decision Support](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18274/) (2025)
- [An evaluation of DeepSeek Models in Biomedical Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.00624/) (2025)
- [Reasoning LLMs in the Medical Domain: A Literature Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.19097/) (2025)
- [MedErrBench: A Fine-Grained Multilingual Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction with Clinical Expert Annotations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.05692/) (2026)
- [MedGuards: Multi-Agent System for Reliable Medical Error Detection and Correction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.25651/) (2026)
- [Constructing and Evaluating Clinical Reasoning Trajectories for Medical Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.05090/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper describes our submission to the MEDIQA-CORR 2024 shared task for automatically detecting and correcting medical errors in clinical notes. We report results for three methods of few-shot In-Context Learning (ICL) augmented with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and reason prompts using a large language model (LLM). In the first method, we manually analyse a subset of train and validation dataset to infer three CoT prompts by examining error types in the clinical notes. In the second method, we utilise the training dataset to prompt the LLM to deduce reasons about their correctness or incorrectness. The constructed CoTs and reasons are then augmented with ICL examples to solve the tasks of error detection, span identification, and error correction. Finally, we combine the two methods using a rule-based ensemble method. Across the three sub-tasks, our ensemble method achieves a ranking of 3rd for both sub-task 1 and 2, while securing 7th place in sub-task 3 among all submissions.