# RawBMamba: End-to-End Bidirectional State Space Model for Audio Deepfake Detection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06086 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06086/

## Key facts

- Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Speech and audio SSMs, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2024.

## Placed in

- State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) / [Speech and audio SSMs](https://mlsanity.com/ssm/speech-and-audio-ssms/)

## Built on by (most cited first, 27 of 27)

- [XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.10027/) (2024)
- [Speech Slytherin: Examining the Performance and Efficiency of Mamba for Speech Separation, Recognition, and Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.09732/) (2024)
- [Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.05657/) (2025)
- [ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.11079/) (2025)
- [BiCrossMamba-ST: Speech Deepfake Detection with Bidirectional Mamba Spectro-Temporal Cross-Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.13930/) (2025)
- [SlimSeiz: Efficient Channel-Adaptive Seizure Prediction Using a Mamba-Enhanced Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.09998/) (2024)
- [Fake-Mamba: Real-Time Speech Deepfake Detection Using Bidirectional Mamba as Self-Attention's Alternative](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09294/) (2025)
- [TF-Mamba: A Time-Frequency Network for Sound Source Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.05034/) (2024)
- [VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.06348/) (2024)
- [Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.17911/) (2024)
- [MambaFoley: Foley Sound Generation using Selective State-Space Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.09162/) (2024)
- [PhonemeFake: Redefining Deepfake Realism with Language-Driven Segmental Manipulation and Adaptive Bilevel Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.22783/) (2025)
- [EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.05938/) (2024)
- [Deep Active Speech Cancellation with Mamba-Masking Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.01185/) (2025)
- [Venturing into Uncharted Waters: The Navigation Compass from Transformer to Mamba](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.16722/) (2024)
- [Generalizable Speech Deepfake Detection via Information Bottleneck Enhanced Adversarial Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23618/) (2025)
- [SONAR: Spectral-Contrastive Audio Residuals for Generalizable Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.21325/) (2025)
- [Investigating the Viability of Employing Multi-modal Large Language Models in the Context of Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.00777/) (2026)
- [XLSR-MamBo: Scaling the Hybrid Mamba-Attention Backbone for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.02944/) (2026)
- [An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Locating Manipulated Region in partially fake Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08239/) (2024)
- [Active Speech Enhancement: Active Speech Denoising Decliping and Deveraberation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16911/) (2025)
- [Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21157/) (2025)
- [An overview of neural architectures for self-supervised audio representation learning from masked spectrograms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.18691/) (2025)
- [Zero-Shot to Zero-Lies: Detecting Bengali Deepfake Audio through Transfer Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.21702/) (2025)
- [ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.16749/) (2026)
- [Probing Speaker Identity Sensitivity in Audio Deepfake Detectors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.21820/) (2026)
- [Less is More: Modality-Decoupling for General AIGC Audio-Video Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.25543/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Fake artefacts for discriminating between bonafide and fake audio can exist in both short- and long-range segments. Therefore, combining local and global feature information can effectively discriminate between bonafide and fake audio. This paper proposes an end-to-end bidirectional state space model, named RawBMamba, to capture both short- and long-range discriminative information for audio deepfake detection. Specifically, we use sinc Layer and multiple convolutional layers to capture short-range features, and then design a bidirectional Mamba to address Mamba's unidirectional modelling problem and further capture long-range feature information. Moreover, we develop a bidirectional fusion module to integrate embeddings, enhancing audio context representation and combining short- and long-range information. The results show that our proposed RawBMamba achieves a 34.1% improvement over Rawformer on ASVspoof2021 LA dataset, and demonstrates competitive performance on other datasets.