# Toward Real-Time Digital Twins of EM Environments: Computational Benchmark of Ray Launching Software

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05042 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.05042/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [RSS map-assisted MIMO channel estimation in the upper mid-band under pilot constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00112/) (2026)
- [Physics-Unrolled Neural Operator for Wireless Field Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.18495/) (2026)
- [Geometry-Aided Channel Deduction with Partial Channel Estimates and Uncalibrated Digital Twin](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.37277/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Digital Twin has emerged as a promising paradigm for accurately representing wireless communication electromagnetic environments. The resulting virtual representation of reality facilitates comprehensive insights into the propagation environment, empowering multi-layer decision-making processes at the physical communication level. This paper investigates the impact of ray-based model simulation within real-time Digital Twins. A benchmark for ray-based propagation simulations is presented to evaluate computational time, considering two urban scenarios characterized by different mesh complexity, single and multiple wireless link configurations, and simulations with/without diffuse scattering. Exhaustive empirical analyses are performed showing the behavior of different ray-based solutions. By offering standardized simulations and scenarios, this work provides a technical benchmark for practitioners involved in the implementation of real-time Digital Twins and optimization of ray-based propagation models.