# XL-HeadTags: Leveraging Multimodal Retrieval Augmentation for the Multilingual Generation of News Headlines and Tags

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.03776 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.03776/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 50 of its 91 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 50)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.02155/) (2022)
- [Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.10683/) (2019)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.11401/) (2020)
- [Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.10084/) (2019)
- [BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.09675/) (2019)
- [Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.0473/) (2014)
- [Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02116/) (2019)
- [Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01652/) (2021)
- [Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.03172/) (2023)
- [REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.08909/) (2020)
- [mT5: A massively multilingual pre-trained text-to-text transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11934/) (2020)
- [Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.08745/) (2018)
- [Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.04426/) (2021)
- [Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.04368/) (2017)
- [Generalization through Memorization: Nearest Neighbor Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.00172/) (2019)
- [MetaICL: Learning to Learn In Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.15943/) (2021)
- [A Neural Attention Model for Abstractive Sentence Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1509.00685/) (2015)
- [XL-Sum: Large-Scale Multilingual Abstractive Summarization for 44 Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13822/) (2021)
- [MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.12528/) (2023)
- [MuRAG: Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generator for Open Question Answering over Images and Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02928/) (2022)
- [Incorporating Copying Mechanism in Sequence-to-Sequence Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.06393/) (2016)
- [MLSUM: The Multilingual Summarization Corpus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.14900/) (2020)
- [Visual News: Benchmark and Challenges in News Image Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.03743/) (2020)
- [A Survey of Knowledge-Enhanced Text Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.04389/) (2020)
- [Deep Keyphrase Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.06879/) (2017)
- [LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01055/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Ask in Any Modality: A Comprehensive Survey on Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.08826/) (2025)
- [Stop Taking Tokenizers for Granted: They Are Core Design Decisions in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.13260/) (2026)
- [OpinioRAG: Towards Generating User-Centric Opinion Highlights from Large-scale Online Reviews](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.00285/) (2025)
- [Do Multimodal RAG Systems Leak Data? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Membership Inference and Image Caption Retrieval Attacks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.17644/) (2026)
- [eC-Tab2Text: Aspect-Based Text Generation from e-Commerce Product Tables](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.14820/) (2025)
- [COSMMIC: Comment-Sensitive Multimodal Multilingual Indian Corpus for Summarization and Headline Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.15372/) (2025)
- [Empowering Multimodal LLMs with External Tools: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.10955/) (2025)
- [MCERF: Advancing Multimodal LLM Evaluation of Engineering Documentation with Enhanced Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.09552/) (2026)
- [Unified Vision-Language Modeling via Concept Space Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.01096/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Millions of news articles published online daily can overwhelm readers. Headlines and entity (topic) tags are essential for guiding readers to decide if the content is worth their time. While headline generation has been extensively studied, tag generation remains largely unexplored, yet it offers readers better access to topics of interest. The need for conciseness in capturing readers' attention necessitates improved content selection strategies for identifying salient and relevant segments within lengthy articles, thereby guiding language models effectively. To address this, we propose to leverage auxiliary information such as images and captions embedded in the articles to retrieve relevant sentences and utilize instruction tuning with variations to generate both headlines and tags for news articles in a multilingual context. To make use of the auxiliary information, we have compiled a dataset named XL-HeadTags, which includes 20 languages across 6 diverse language families. Through extensive evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our plug-and-play multimodal-multilingual retrievers for both tasks. Additionally, we have developed a suite of tools for processing and evaluating multilingual texts, significantly contributing to the research community by enabling more accurate and efficient analysis across languages.