# Model-independent cosmological inference post DESI DR1 BAO measurements

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.19178 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.19178/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 96 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Neural Networks Optimized by Genetic Algorithms in Cosmology](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02685/) (2022)
- [Neural network reconstruction of cosmology using the Pantheon compilation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15499/) (2023)
- [LADDER: Revisiting the Cosmic Distance Ladder with Deep Learning Approaches and Exploring its Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.17029/) (2024)
- [A possible late-time transition of MB inferred via neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.10502/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A New ~ 5σ Tension at Characteristic Redshift from DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR Observations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.02880/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we implement Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the expansion history of the universe in a model-agnostic manner, using the Pantheon-Plus SN-Ia compilation in combination with two different BAO measurements (SDSS-IV and DESI DR1). In both the reconstructions, the LambdaCDM model is always included in the 95% confidence intervals. We find evidence that the DESI LRG data at zeff = 0.51 is not an outlier within our model-independent framework. We study the Om-diagnostics and the evolution of the total equation of state (EoS) of our universe, which hint towards the possibility of a quintessence-like dark energy scenario with a very slowly varying EoS, and a phantom-crossing in higher z. The entire exercise is later complemented by considering two more SN-Ia compilations - DES-5YR and Union3 - in combination with DESI BAO. Reconstruction with the DESI BAO + DES-5YR SN data sets predicts that the LambdaCDM model lies outside the 3σ confidence levels, whereas with DESI BAO + Union3 data, the LambdaCDM model is always included within 1σ. We also report constraints on H0 rd from our model-agnostic analysis, independent of the pre-recombination physics. Our results point towards an ≈ 2σ discrepancy between the DESI + Pantheon-Plus and DESI + DES-5YR data sets, which calls for further investigation.