# PointNetPGAP-SLC: A 3D LiDAR-based Place Recognition Approach with Segment-level Consistency Training for Mobile Robots in Horticulture

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.19038 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.19038/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Autonomous Driving in Unstructured Environments: How Far Have We Come?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07701/) (2024)
- [Low Cost, High Efficiency: LiDAR Place Recognition in Vineyards with Matryoshka Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.18714/) (2026)
- [Advanced techniques and applications of LiDAR Place Recognition in Agricultural Environments: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.22198/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

3D LiDAR-based place recognition remains largely underexplored in horticultural environments, which present unique challenges due to their semi-permeable nature to laser beams. This characteristic often results in highly similar LiDAR scans from adjacent rows, leading to descriptor ambiguity and, consequently, compromised retrieval performance. In this work, we address the challenges of 3D LiDAR place recognition in horticultural environments, particularly focusing on inter-row ambiguity by introducing three key contributions: (i) a novel model, PointNetPGAP, which combines the outputs of two statistically-inspired aggregators into a single descriptor; (ii) a Segment-Level Consistency (SLC) model, used exclusively during training to enhance descriptor robustness; and (iii) the HORTO-3DLM dataset, comprising LiDAR sequences from orchards and strawberry fields. Experimental evaluations conducted on the HORTO-3DLM and KITTI Odometry datasets demonstrate that PointNetPGAP outperforms state-of-the-art models, including OverlapTransformer and PointNetVLAD, particularly when the SLC model is applied. These results underscore the model's superiority, especially in horticultural environments, by significantly improving retrieval performance in segments with higher ambiguity.