# Federated Learning under Partially Class-Disjoint Data via Manifold Reshaping

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.18983 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.18983/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 41 of its 59 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 41)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1602.05629/) (2016)
- [EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11946/) (2019)
- [Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.07747/) (2017)
- [Wide Residual Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.07146/) (2016)
- [Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.04977/) (2019)
- [Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.05175/) (2017)
- [Federated Optimization in Heterogeneous Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.06127/) (2018)
- [Barlow Twins: Self-Supervised Learning via Redundancy Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.03230/) (2021)
- [Federated Learning: Challenges, Methods, and Future Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.07873/) (2019)
- [Federated Learning with Non-IID Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.00582/) (2018)
- [VICReg: Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.04906/) (2021)
- [Deep Leakage from Gradients](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08935/) (2019)
- [Tackling the Objective Inconsistency Problem in Heterogeneous Federated Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.07481/) (2020)
- [Model-Contrastive Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16257/) (2021)
- [Federated Learning on Non-IID Data Silos: An Experimental Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02079/) (2021)
- [Federated Learning Based on Dynamic Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04263/) (2021)
- [Skin Lesion Analysis Toward Melanoma Detection: A Challenge at the 2017 International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Hosted by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.05006/) (2017)
- [Understanding Dimensional Collapse in Contrastive Self-supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.09348/) (2021)
- [A Survey on Federated Learning Systems: Vision, Hype and Reality for Data Privacy and Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.09693/) (2019)
- [FedProto: Federated Prototype Learning across Heterogeneous Clients](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.00243/) (2021)
- [Google Landmarks Dataset v2 -- A Large-Scale Benchmark for Instance-Level Recognition and Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.01804/) (2020)
- [BCN20000: Dermoscopic Lesions in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.02288/) (2019)
- [FedDC: Federated Learning with Non-IID Data via Local Drift Decoupling and Correction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11751/) (2022)
- [Threats to Federated Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.02133/) (2020)
- [On Feature Decorrelation in Self-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.00470/) (2021)
- [FLamby: Datasets and Benchmarks for Cross-Silo Federated Learning in Realistic Healthcare Settings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.04620/) (2022)
- [Robust Classification with Convolutional Prototype Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.03438/) (2018)
- [FedProc: Prototypical Contrastive Federated Learning on Non-IID data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12273/) (2021)
- [Multi-institutional Collaborations for Improving Deep Learning-based Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction Using Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.02148/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Combatting Dimensional Collapse in LLM Pre-Training Data via Diversified File Selection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.20644/) (2025)
- [Neighborhood and Global Perturbations Supported SAM in Federated Learning: From Local Tweaks To Global Awareness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.14144/) (2024)
- [FedMP: Tackling Medical Feature Heterogeneity in Federated Learning from a Manifold Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.09174/) (2025)
- [FedCC: Towards Addressing Label Distribution Skews in Distillation-Based Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.23031/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Statistical heterogeneity severely limits the performance of federated learning (FL), motivating several explorations e.g., FedProx, MOON and FedDyn, to alleviate this problem. Despite effectiveness, their considered scenario generally requires samples from almost all classes during the local training of each client, although some covariate shifts may exist among clients. In fact, the natural case of partially class-disjoint data (PCDD), where each client contributes a few classes (instead of all classes) of samples, is practical yet underexplored. Specifically, the unique collapse and invasion characteristics of PCDD can induce the biased optimization direction in local training, which prevents the efficiency of federated learning. To address this dilemma, we propose a manifold reshaping approach called FedMR to calibrate the feature space of local training. Our FedMR adds two interplaying losses to the vanilla federated learning: one is intra-class loss to decorrelate feature dimensions for anti-collapse; and the other one is inter-class loss to guarantee the proper margin among categories in the feature expansion. We conduct extensive experiments on a range of datasets to demonstrate that our FedMR achieves much higher accuracy and better communication efficiency. Source code is available at: https://github.com/MediaBrain-SJTU/FedMR.git.