# Efficient Visual Fault Detection for Freight Train via Neural Architecture Search with Data Volume Robustness

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17004 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.17004/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 27 of its 40 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 27 May 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 27 of 27)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14030/) (2021)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.04159/) (2020)
- [Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1603.05027/) (2016)
- [DARTS: Differentiable Architecture Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.09055/) (2018)
- [FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.01355/) (2019)
- [Objects as Points](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.07850/) (2019)
- [YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.08430/) (2021)
- [YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.02696/) (2022)
- [CornerNet: Detecting Objects as Paired Keypoints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.01244/) (2018)
- [Sparse R-CNN: End-to-End Object Detection with Learnable Proposals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.12450/) (2020)
- [Generalized Focal Loss: Learning Qualified and Distributed Bounding Boxes for Dense Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04388/) (2020)
- [CSPNet: A New Backbone that can Enhance Learning Capability of CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.11929/) (2019)
- [NAS-FPN: Learning Scalable Feature Pyramid Architecture for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.07392/) (2019)
- [Libra R-CNN: Towards Balanced Learning for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.02701/) (2019)
- [You Only Look One-level Feature](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09460/) (2021)
- [DetNAS: Backbone Search for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.10979/) (2019)
- [NAS-FCOS: Fast Neural Architecture Search for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.04423/) (2019)
- [CentripetalNet: Pursuing High-quality Keypoint Pairs for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.09119/) (2020)
- [OPANAS: One-Shot Path Aggregation Network Architecture Search for Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04507/) (2021)
- [Representation Sharing for Fast Object Detector Search and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.12075/) (2020)
- [A Unified Light Framework for Real-time Fault Detection of Freight Train Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.00381/) (2021)
- [Visual Fault Detection of Multi-scale Key Components in Freight Trains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.14522/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Efficient RGB-D Scene Understanding via Multi-task Adaptive Learning and Cross-dimensional Feature Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.07570/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Deep learning-based fault detection methods have achieved significant success. In visual fault detection of freight trains, there exists a large characteristic difference between inter-class components (scale variance) but intra-class on the contrary, which entails scale-awareness for detectors. Moreover, the design of task-specific networks heavily relies on human expertise. As a consequence, neural architecture search (NAS) that automates the model design process gains considerable attention because of its promising performance. However, NAS is computationally intensive due to the large search space and huge data volume. In this work, we propose an efficient NAS-based framework for visual fault detection of freight trains to search for the task-specific detection head with capacities of multi-scale representation. First, we design a scale-aware search space for discovering an effective receptive field in the head. Second, we explore the robustness of data volume to reduce search costs based on the specifically designed search space, and a novel sharing strategy is proposed to reduce memory and further improve search efficiency. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with data volume robustness, which achieves 46.8 and 47.9 mAP on the Bottom View and Side View datasets, respectively. Our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches and linearly decreases the search costs with reduced data volumes.