# Carbon-aware Software Services

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.12582 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.12582/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 21 May 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [JCAS-MARL: Joint Communication and Sensing UAV Networks via Resource-Constrained Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.20265/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive software services. First, we propose a methodology to implement carbon-aware services leveraging the Strategy design pattern to feature alternative service versions with different energy consumption. Then, we devise a bilevel optimisation scheme to configure which version to use at different times of the day, based on forecasts of carbon intensity and service requests, pursuing the two-fold goal of minimising carbon emissions and maintaining average output quality above a desired set-point. Last, an open-source prototype of such optimisation scheme is used to configure a software service implemented as per our methodology and assessed against traditional non-adaptive implementations of the same service. Results show the capability of our framework to control the average quality of output results of carbon-aware services and to reduce carbon emissions from 8% to 50%.