# Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) for Time Series Analysis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08790 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.08790/

## Key facts

- Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 21 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 14 May 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.19756/) (2024)
- [Time Series Forecasting With Deep Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.13408/) (2020)
- [Financial Time Series Forecasting with Deep Learning : A Systematic Literature Review: 2005-2019](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.13288/) (2019)
- [Conditional Time Series Forecasting with Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.04691/) (2017)
- [The Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem revisited](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.15884/) (2020)
- [Scaling MLPs: A Tale of Inductive Bias](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.13575/) (2023)
- [Weather2K: A Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Benchmark Dataset for Meteorological Forecasting Based on Real-Time Observation Data from Ground Weather Stations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.10493/) (2023)
- [Robust Analysis of Stock Price Time Series Using CNN and LSTM-Based Deep Learning Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.08011/) (2020)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 98)

- [KAN 2.0: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks Meet Science](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.10205/) (2024)
- [A comprehensive and FAIR comparison between MLP and KAN representations for differential equations and operator networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02917/) (2024)
- [Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Time Series: Bridging Predictive Power and Interpretability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02496/) (2024)
- [A Survey on Kolmogorov-Arnold Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.06078/) (2024)
- [KAN-ODEs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Ordinary Differential Equations for Learning Dynamical Systems and Hidden Physics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.04192/) (2024)
- [A Temporal Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformer for Time Series Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02486/) (2024)
- [KAGNNs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks meet Graph Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.18380/) (2024)
- [Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Satellite Image Classification in Remote Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.00600/) (2024)
- [Adaptive Training of Grid-Dependent Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.17611/) (2024)
- [KANQAS: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Quantum Architecture Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.17630/) (2024)
- [On the expressiveness and spectral bias of KANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.01803/) (2024)
- [rKAN: Rational Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.14495/) (2024)
- [Suitability of KANs for Computer Vision: A preliminary investigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09087/) (2024)
- [ReLU-KAN: New Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks that Only Need Matrix Addition, Dot Multiplication, and ReLU](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02075/) (2024)
- [Exploring the Limitations of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Classification: Insights to Software Training and Hardware Implementation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.17790/) (2024)
- [CoxKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Interpretable, High-Performance Survival Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.04290/) (2024)
- [FC-KAN: Function Combinations in Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.01763/) (2024)
- [Reduced Effectiveness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks on Functions with Noise](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.14882/) (2024)
- [DropKAN: Regularizing KANs by masking post-activations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13044/) (2024)
- [F-KANs: Federated Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.20100/) (2024)
- [SigKAN: Signature-Weighted Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Time Series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.17890/) (2024)
- [SPIKANs: Separable Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.06286/) (2024)
- [On the Robustness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: An Adversarial Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13809/) (2024)
- [Generalization Bounds and Model Complexity for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.08026/) (2024)
- [Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Online Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.04841/) (2024)
- [Multifidelity Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.14764/) (2024)
- [Exploring Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Interpretable Time Series Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.14904/) (2024)
- [QKAN-LSTM: Quantum-inspired Kolmogorov-Arnold Long Short-term Memory](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.05049/) (2025)
- [KAN versus MLP on Irregular or Noisy Functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.07906/) (2024)
- [The Dawn of KAN in Image-to-Image (I2I) Translation: Integrating Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with GANs for Unpaired I2I Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.08216/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces a novel application of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) to time series forecasting, leveraging their adaptive activation functions for enhanced predictive modeling. Inspired by the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem, KANs replace traditional linear weights with spline-parametrized univariate functions, allowing them to learn activation patterns dynamically. We demonstrate that KANs outperforms conventional Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) in a real-world satellite traffic forecasting task, providing more accurate results with considerably fewer number of learnable parameters. We also provide an ablation study of KAN-specific parameters impact on performance. The proposed approach opens new avenues for adaptive forecasting models, emphasizing the potential of KANs as a powerful tool in predictive analytics.