# AdaMoLE: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models with Adaptive Mixture of Low-Rank Adaptation Experts

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.00361 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00361/

## Key facts

- Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 24 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 1 May 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 24 of 24)

- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1701.06538/) (2017)
- [Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.03961/) (2021)
- [PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.11641/) (2019)
- [HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.03771/) (2019)
- [BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.10044/) (2019)
- [Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.09513/) (2022)
- [CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.00937/) (2018)
- [SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.00537/) (2019)
- [GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.16668/) (2020)
- [Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.08207/) (2021)
- [Few-Shot Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning is Better and Cheaper than In-Context Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.05638/) (2022)
- [ST-MoE: Designing Stable and Transferable Sparse Expert Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08906/) (2022)
- [WiC: the Word-in-Context Dataset for Evaluating Context-Sensitive Meaning Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.09121/) (2018)
- [LoraHub: Efficient Cross-Task Generalization via Dynamic LoRA Composition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.13269/) (2023)
- [Cosmos QA: Machine Reading Comprehension with Contextual Commonsense Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.00277/) (2019)
- [Pushing Mixture of Experts to the Limit: Extremely Parameter Efficient MoE for Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.05444/) (2023)
- [A Review of Sparse Expert Models in Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01667/) (2022)
- [Mixture of Cluster-conditional LoRA Experts for Vision-language Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.12379/) (2023)
- [Higher Layers Need More LoRA Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.08562/) (2024)
- [Chain of LoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models via Residual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.04151/) (2024)
- [SiRA: Sparse Mixture of Low Rank Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.09179/) (2023)
- [Adaptive Gating in Mixture-of-Experts based Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.07188/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [A Survey on Inference Optimization Techniques for Mixture of Experts Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.14219/) (2024)
- [Make LoRA Great Again: Boosting LoRA with Adaptive Singular Values and Mixture-of-Experts Optimization Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.16894/) (2025)
- [Customize Segment Anything Model for Multi-Modal Semantic Segmentation with Mixture of LoRA Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04220/) (2024)
- [Learning Robust Stereo Matching in the Wild with Selective Mixture-of-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04631/) (2025)
- [Solving Token Gradient Conflict in Mixture-of-Experts for Large Vision-Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.19905/) (2024)
- [Hierarchical LoRA MoE for Efficient CTR Model Scaling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.10432/) (2025)
- [QR-LoRA: Efficient and Disentangled Fine-tuning via QR Decomposition for Customized Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04599/) (2025)
- [MALoRA: Mixture of Asymmetric Low-Rank Adaptation for Enhanced Multi-Task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.22782/) (2024)
- [Multi-Task Vehicle Routing Solver via Mixture of Specialized Experts under State-Decomposable MDP](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.21453/) (2025)
- [TT-LoRA MoE: Unifying Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning and Sparse Mixture-of-Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.21190/) (2025)
- [MoORE: SVD-based Model MoE-ization for Conflict- and Oblivion-Resistant Multi-Task Adaptation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14436/) (2025)
- [Advancing Depression Detection on Social Media Platforms Through Fine-Tuned Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.14794/) (2024)
- [CoMoL: Efficient Mixture of LoRA Experts via Dynamic Core Space Merging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00573/) (2026)
- [From Holistic to Localized: Local Enhanced Adapters for Efficient Visual Instruction Fine-Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.12787/) (2024)
- [MoA: Heterogeneous Mixture of Adapters for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.05928/) (2025)
- [Leveraging Open Knowledge for Advancing Task Expertise in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.15915/) (2024)
- [Compositional Subspace Representation Fine-tuning for Adaptive Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.10617/) (2025)
- [Mixture of Low-Rank Adapter Experts in Generalizable Audio Deepfake Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.13878/) (2025)
- [A Unified Study of LoRA Variants: Taxonomy, Review, Codebase, and Empirical Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.22708/) (2026)
- [VLA-GSE: Boosting Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning in VLA with Generalized and Specialized Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.06175/) (2026)
- [Uncertainty Is Not Enough: Value-of-Information Routing for Mixtures of LoRA Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.02528/) (2026)
- [FedReFT: Federated Representation Fine-Tuning with All-But-Me Aggregation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20295/) (2025)
- [HELLoRA: Hot Experts Layer-Level Low-Rank Adaptation for Mixture-of-Experts Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.18795/) (2026)
- [RotMoLE: Enhancing Mixture of Low-Rank Experts through Rotational Gating Mechanism](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.25565/) (2026)
- [Sparse Subspace-to-Expert Sharing for Task-Agnostic Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.07500/) (2026)
- [LiMoDE: Rethinking Lifelong Robot Manipulation from a Mixture-of-Dynamic-Experts Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.26183/) (2026)
- [MoCHA: Advanced Vision-Language Reasoning with MoE Connector and Hierarchical Group Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.22805/) (2025)
- [Split-on-Share: Mixture of Sparse Experts for Task-Agnostic Continual Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.17616/) (2026)
- [FourierMoE: Fourier Mixture-of-Experts Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.01762/) (2026)
- [Is Our Benchmark Enough? An Analysis of Continual Learning for MLLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.20961/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce AdaMoLE, a novel method for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) through an Adaptive Mixture of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) Experts. Moving beyond conventional methods that employ a static top-k strategy for activating experts, AdaMoLE dynamically adjusts the activation threshold using a dedicated threshold network, adaptively responding to the varying complexities of different tasks. By replacing a single LoRA in a layer with multiple LoRA experts and integrating a gating function with the threshold mechanism, AdaMoLE effectively selects and activates the most appropriate experts based on the input context. Our extensive evaluations across a variety of commonsense reasoning and natural language processing tasks show that AdaMoLE exceeds baseline performance. This enhancement highlights the advantages of AdaMoLE's adaptive selection of LoRA experts, improving model effectiveness without a corresponding increase in the expert count. The experimental validation not only confirms AdaMoLE as a robust approach for enhancing LLMs but also suggests valuable directions for future research in adaptive expert selection mechanisms, potentially broadening the scope for optimizing model performance across diverse language processing tasks.