# TELA: Text to Layer-wise 3D Clothed Human Generation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16748 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.16748/

## Key facts

- Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 50 of its 58 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 50)

- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.10683/) (2019)
- [Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06125/) (2022)
- [Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11487/) (2022)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.08402/) (2022)
- [Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05989/) (2022)
- [DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.14988/) (2022)
- [DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.05103/) (2019)
- [Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03828/) (2018)
- [Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.05866/) (2019)
- [Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.07636/) (2021)
- [Zero-1-to-3: Zero-shot One Image to 3D Object](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11328/) (2023)
- [Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10440/) (2022)
- [ProlificDreamer: High-Fidelity and Diverse Text-to-3D Generation with Variational Score Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16213/) (2023)
- [PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.05172/) (2019)
- [Point-E: A System for Generating 3D Point Clouds from Complex Prompts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.08751/) (2022)
- [Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.08128/) (2016)
- [Neural Body: Implicit Neural Representations with Structured Latent Codes for Novel View Synthesis of Dynamic Humans](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.15838/) (2020)
- [Zero-Shot Text-Guided Object Generation with Dream Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01455/) (2021)
- [Shap-E: Generating Conditional 3D Implicit Functions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.02463/) (2023)
- [Animatable Neural Radiance Fields for Modeling Dynamic Human Bodies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.02872/) (2021)
- [ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.09127/) (2021)
- [CLIP-Mesh: Generating textured meshes from text using pretrained image-text models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.13333/) (2022)
- [Multi-Garment Net: Learning to Dress 3D People from Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1908.06903/) (2019)
- [Video Based Reconstruction of 3D People Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.04758/) (2018)
- [SCANimate: Weakly Supervised Learning of Skinned Clothed Avatar Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03313/) (2021)
- [SMPLicit: Topology-aware Generative Model for Clothed People](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.06871/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 20 of 20)

- [MIDI: Multi-Instance Diffusion for Single Image to 3D Scene Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.03558/) (2024)
- [VoxHammer: Training-Free Precise and Coherent 3D Editing in Native 3D Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.19247/) (2025)
- [Ouroboros3D: Image-to-3D Generation via 3D-aware Recursive Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.03184/) (2024)
- [PhyCAGE: Physically Plausible Compositional 3D Asset Generation from a Single Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.18548/) (2024)
- [SIGMAN:Scaling 3D Human Gaussian Generation with Millions of Assets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.06982/) (2025)
- [SegviGen: Repurposing 3D Generative Model for Part Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.16869/) (2026)
- [ClotheDreamer: Text-Guided Garment Generation with 3D Gaussians](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.16815/) (2024)
- [SimAvatar: Simulation-Ready Avatars with Layered Hair and Clothing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.09545/) (2024)
- [Disentangled Clothed Avatar Generation with Layered Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.04631/) (2025)
- [StdGEN: Semantic-Decomposed 3D Character Generation from Single Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.05738/) (2024)
- [DAGSM: Disentangled Avatar Generation with GS-enhanced Mesh](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.15205/) (2024)
- [DreamBarbie: Text to Barbie-Style 3D Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.09126/) (2024)
- [Repurposing 3D Generative Model for Autoregressive Layout Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.16299/) (2026)
- [A Text-to-3D Framework for Joint Generation of CG-Ready Humans and Compatible Garments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.12052/) (2025)
- [DAMA: Disentangled Body-Anchored Gaussians for Controllable Multi-Layered Avatars](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.21001/) (2026)
- [Editing Implicit and Explicit Representations of Radiance Fields: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.17628/) (2024)
- [StdGEN++: A Comprehensive System for Semantic-Decomposed 3D Character Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.07660/) (2026)
- [ReMu: Reconstructing Multi-layer 3D Clothed Human from Image Layers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.01381/) (2025)
- [CC-FMO: Camera-Conditioned Zero-Shot Single Image to 3D Scene Generation with Foundation Model Orchestration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.00493/) (2025)
- [AvatarDynamizer: From Static to Dynamic Human Avatars via Generative Dynamic Textures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.19900/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper addresses the task of 3D clothed human generation from textural descriptions. Previous works usually encode the human body and clothes as a holistic model and generate the whole model in a single-stage optimization, which makes them struggle for clothing editing and meanwhile lose fine-grained control over the whole generation process. To solve this, we propose a layer-wise clothed human representation combined with a progressive optimization strategy, which produces clothing-disentangled 3D human models while providing control capacity for the generation process. The basic idea is progressively generating a minimal-clothed human body and layer-wise clothes. During clothing generation, a novel stratified compositional rendering method is proposed to fuse multi-layer human models, and a new loss function is utilized to help decouple the clothing model from the human body. The proposed method achieves high-quality disentanglement, which thereby provides an effective way for 3D garment generation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art 3D clothed human generation while also supporting cloth editing applications such as virtual try-on. Project page: http://jtdong.com/tela_layer/