# Normative Requirements Operationalization with Large Language Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.12335 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.12335/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 18 Apr 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Multi-Agent LLMs as Ethics Advocates for AI-Based Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.08392/) (2025)
- [Systems Engineering for Autonomous Vehicles; Supervising AI using Large Language Models (SSuperLLM)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.10839/) (2025)
- [RobEthiChor: Automated Context-aware Ethics-based Negotiation for Autonomous Robots](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.22664/) (2025)
- [AI for Requirements Engineering: Industry adoption and Practitioner perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.01324/) (2025)
- [Social, Legal, Ethical, Empathetic and Cultural Norm Operationalisation for AI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.11864/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Normative non-functional requirements specify constraints that a system must observe in order to avoid violations of social, legal, ethical, empathetic, and cultural norms. As these requirements are typically defined by non-technical system stakeholders with different expertise and priorities (ethicists, lawyers, social scientists, etc.), ensuring their well-formedness and consistency is very challenging. Recent research has tackled this challenge using a domain-specific language to specify normative requirements as rules whose consistency can then be analysed with formal methods. In this paper, we propose a complementary approach that uses Large Language Models to extract semantic relationships between abstract representations of system capabilities. These relations, which are often assumed implicitly by non-technical stakeholders (e.g., based on common sense or domain knowledge), are then used to enrich the automated reasoning techniques for eliciting and analyzing the consistency of normative requirements. We show the effectiveness of our approach to normative requirements elicitation and operationalization through a range of real-world case studies.