# Taxonomy to Regulation: A (Geo)Political Taxonomy for AI Risks and Regulatory Measures in the EU AI Act

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11476 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.11476/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 77 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.04359/) (2021)
- [An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.12001/) (2023)
- [The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.07228/) (2018)
- [Sociotechnical Safety Evaluation of Generative AI Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.11986/) (2023)
- [Frontier AI Regulation: Managing Emerging Risks to Public Safety](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.03718/) (2023)
- [Identifying and Mitigating the Security Risks of Generative AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.14840/) (2023)
- [Typology of Risks of Generative Text-to-Image Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05543/) (2023)
- [TASRA: a Taxonomy and Analysis of Societal-Scale Risks from AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.06924/) (2023)
- [Risk assessment at AGI companies: A review of popular risk assessment techniques from other safety-critical industries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08823/) (2023)
- [The Brussels Effect and Artificial Intelligence: How EU regulation will impact the global AI market](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.12645/) (2022)
- [Comparing the willingness to share for human-generated vs. AI-generated fake news](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.07395/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [From Imitation to Innovation: The Emergence of AI Unique Artistic Styles and the Challenge of Copyright Protection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04769/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Technological innovations have shown remarkable capabilities to benefit and harm society alike. AI constitutes a democratized sophisticated technology accessible to large parts of society, including malicious actors. This work proposes a taxonomy focusing on on (geo)political risks associated with AI. It identifies 12 risks in total divided into four categories: (1) Geopolitical Pressures, (2) Malicious Usage, (3) Environmental, Social, and Ethical Risks, and (4) Privacy and Trust Violations. Incorporating a regulatory side, this paper conducts a policy assessment of the EU AI Act. Adopted in March 2023, the landmark regulation has the potential to have a positive top-down impact concerning AI risk reduction but needs regulatory adjustments to mitigate risks more comprehensively. Regulatory exceptions for open-source models, excessively high parameters for the classification of GPAI models as a systemic risk, and the exclusion of systems designed exclusively for military purposes from the regulation's obligations leave room for future action.