# Quantum Cloud Computing: A Review, Open Problems, and Future Directions

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11420 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.11420/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Edge-Cloud Collaborative Computing on Distributed Intelligence and Model Optimization: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.01821/) (2025)
- [A Survey on Cloud-Edge-Terminal Collaborative Intelligence in AIoT Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.18803/) (2025)
- [Adversarial Threats in Quantum Machine Learning: A Survey of Attacks and Defenses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.21842/) (2025)
- [QAISim: A Toolkit for Modeling and Simulation of AI in Quantum Cloud Computing Environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.17918/) (2025)
- [Routing Anonymity and Identifiability of Noisy Quantum Hardware](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.05281/) (2026)
- [Quantum Reinforcement Learning for Cost and Delay Tradeoffs in Quantum Cloud Orchestration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.27446/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Quantum cloud computing is an emerging paradigm of computing that empowers quantum applications and their deployment on quantum computing resources without the need for a specialized environment to host and operate physical quantum computers. This paper reviews recent advances, identifies open problems, and proposes future directions in quantum cloud computing. It discusses the state-of-the-art quantum cloud advances, including the various cloud-based models, platforms, and recently developed technologies and software use cases. Furthermore, it discusses different aspects of the quantum cloud, including resource management, quantum serverless, security, and privacy problems. Finally, the paper examines open problems and proposes the future directions of quantum cloud computing, including potential opportunities and ongoing research in this emerging field.