# Language Proficiency and F0 Entrainment: A Study of L2 English Imitation in Italian, French, and Slovak Speakers

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.10440 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.10440/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 5 of its 27 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [WhisperX: Time-Accurate Speech Transcription of Long-Form Audio](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00747/) (2023)
- [Entrainment profiles: Comparison by gender, role, and feature set](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.11564/) (2018)
- [CoPaSul Manual -- Contour-based parametric and superpositional intonation stylization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.04765/) (2016)
- [The ART of Conversation: Measuring Phonetic Convergence and Deliberate Imitation in L2-Speech with a Siamese RNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05088/) (2023)
- [ART: The Alternating Reading Task Corpus for Speech Entrainment and Imitation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02710/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This study explores F0 entrainment in second language (L2) English speech imitation during an Alternating Reading Task (ART). Participants with Italian, French, and Slovak native languages imitated English utterances, and their F0 entrainment was quantified using the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance between the parameterized F0 contours of the imitated utterances and those of the model utterances. Results indicate a nuanced relationship between L2 English proficiency and entrainment: speakers with higher proficiency generally exhibit less entrainment in pitch variation and declination. However, within dyads, the more proficient speakers demonstrate a greater ability to mimic pitch range, leading to increased entrainment. This suggests that proficiency influences entrainment differently at individual and dyadic levels, highlighting the complex interplay between language skill and prosodic adaptation.