# Linear Cross-document Event Coreference Resolution with X-AMR

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.08656 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.08656/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 19 of its 55 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.14165/) (2020)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11916/) (2022)
- [Reasoning or Reciting? Exploring the Capabilities and Limitations of Language Models Through Counterfactual Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.02477/) (2023)
- [Data Contamination: From Memorization to Exploitation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.08242/) (2022)
- [Document-Level Event Argument Extraction by Conditional Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05919/) (2021)
- [MAVEN: A Massive General Domain Event Detection Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.13590/) (2020)
- [Cross-document Coreference Resolution over Predicted Mentions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01210/) (2021)
- [Resolving Event Coreference with Supervised Representation Learning and Clustering-Oriented Regularization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.10985/) (2018)
- [Event Coreference Resolution by Iteratively Unfolding Inter-dependencies among Events](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.07344/) (2017)
- [Focus on what matters: Applying Discourse Coherence Theory to Cross Document Coreference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.05362/) (2021)
- [A Two-Stream AMR-enhanced Model for Document-level Event Argument Extraction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.00241/) (2022)
- [2 * n is better than n2: Decomposing Event Coreference Resolution into Two Tractable Problems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05672/) (2023)
- [Using Automatically Extracted Minimum Spans to Disentangle Coreference Evaluation from Boundary Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.06703/) (2019)
- [Few-Shot Document-Level Event Argument Extraction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02203/) (2022)
- [How Good is the Model in Model-in-the-loop Event Coreference Resolution Annotation?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05434/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Generating Harder Cross-document Event Coreference Resolution Datasets using Metaphoric Paraphrasing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.11988/) (2024)
- [Any Other Thoughts, Hedgehog? Linking Deliberation Chains in Collaborative Dialogues](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.19301/) (2024)
- [Okay, Let's Do This! Modeling Event Coreference with Generated Rationales and Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.03196/) (2024)
- [Argument-Centric Causal Intervention Method for Mitigating Bias in Cross-Document Event Coreference Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.01488/) (2025)
- [Declarative by Design, Assistable Only by Convention: Benchmarking Multi-Agent Frameworks for AI-Assistability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.11198/) (2026)
- [Piecing Together Cross-Document Coreference Resolution Datasets: Systematic Dataset Analysis and Unification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00621/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Event Coreference Resolution (ECR) as a pairwise mention classification task is expensive both for automated systems and manual annotations. The task's quadratic difficulty is exacerbated when using Large Language Models (LLMs), making prompt engineering for ECR prohibitively costly. In this work, we propose a graphical representation of events, X-AMR, anchored around individual mentions using a cross-document version of Abstract Meaning Representation. We then linearize the ECR with a novel multi-hop coreference algorithm over the event graphs. The event graphs simplify ECR, making it a) LLM cost-effective, b) compositional and interpretable, and c) easily annotated. For a fair assessment, we first enrich an existing ECR benchmark dataset with these event graphs using an annotator-friendly tool we introduce. Then, we employ GPT-4, the newest LLM by OpenAI, for these annotations. Finally, using the ECR algorithm, we assess GPT-4 against humans and analyze its limitations. Through this research, we aim to advance the state-of-the-art for efficient ECR and shed light on the potential shortcomings of current LLMs at this task. Code and annotations: urlhttps://github.com/ahmeshaf/gptcoref