# Apprentice Tutor Builder: A Platform For Users to Create and Personalize Intelligent Tutors

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.07883 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.07883/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 0 of its 24 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [TutorGym: A Testbed for Evaluating AI Agents as Tutors and Students](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.01563/) (2025)
- [Towards Educator-Driven Tutor Authoring: Generative AI Approaches for Creating Intelligent Tutor Interfaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.14713/) (2024)
- [Can LLMs Reliably Simulate Real Students' Abilities in Mathematics and Reading Comprehension?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.08232/) (2025)
- [Guidelines for Designing AI Technologies to Support Adult Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.04616/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are effective for improving students' learning outcomes. However, their development is often complex, time-consuming, and requires specialized programming and tutor design knowledge, thus hindering their widespread application and personalization. We present the Apprentice Tutor Builder (ATB) , a platform that simplifies tutor creation and personalization. Instructors can utilize ATB's drag-and-drop tool to build tutor interfaces. Instructors can then interactively train the tutors' underlying AI agent to produce expert models that can solve problems. Training is achieved via using multiple interaction modalities including demonstrations, feedback, and user labels. We conducted a user study with 14 instructors to evaluate the effectiveness of ATB's design with end users. We found that users enjoyed the flexibility of the interface builder and ease and speed of agent teaching, but often desired additional time-saving features. With these insights, we identified a set of design recommendations for our platform and others that utilize interactive AI agents for tutor creation and customization.