# Evolving Agents: Interactive Simulation of Dynamic and Diverse Human Personalities

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02718 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.02718/

## Key facts

- Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [BIG5-CHAT: Shaping LLM Personalities Through Training on Human-Grounded Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.16491/) (2024)
- [TeachTune: Reviewing Pedagogical Agents Against Diverse Student Profiles with Simulated Students](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.04078/) (2024)
- [The Power of Personality: A Human Simulation Perspective to Investigate Large Language Model Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.20859/) (2025)
- [A Visualized Framework for Event Cooperation with Generative Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.13011/) (2025)
- [ManiAgent: An Agentic Framework for General Robotic Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.11660/) (2025)
- [FeedQUAC: Quick Unobtrusive AI-Generated Commentary](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.16416/) (2025)
- [Dynamic Personality Adaptation in Large Language Models via State Machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.22157/) (2026)
- [TWICE: Modeling the Temporal Evolution of Personalized User Behavior via Event-Driven Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.22222/) (2025)
- [Structured Personality Control and Adaptation for LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.10025/) (2026)
- [PEPA: a Persistently Autonomous Embodied Agent with Personalities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00117/) (2026)
- [Step-Level Preference Learning for Generative Agents in Social Simulations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.14485/) (2026)
- [Simulating Human Behavior with the Psychological-mechanism Agent: Integrating Feeling, Thought, and Action](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.19495/) (2025)
- [The RIGID Framework: Research-Integrated, Generative AI-Mediated Instructional Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.12781/) (2026)
- [Emergi-PersonaOS: A Persona Agent Operating System for Situational Adaptation and Controllable Evolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.27417/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Human-like Agents with diverse and dynamic personalities could serve as an essential design probe in the process of user-centered design, thereby enabling designers to enhance the user experience of interactive applications. In this article, we introduce Evolving Agents, a novel agent architecture that consists of two systems: Personality and Behavior. The Personality system includes Cognition, Emotion, and Character Growth modules. The Behavior system comprises two modules: Planning and Action. We also build a simulation platform that enables agents to interact with the environment and other agents. Evolving Agents can simulate the human personality evolution process. Compared to its initial state, agents' personality and behavior patterns undergo believable development after several days of simulation. Agents reflect on their behavior to reason and develop new personality traits. These traits, in turn, generate new behavior patterns, forming a feedback loop-like personality evolution. Our experiment utilized a simulation platform with ten agents for evaluation. During the assessment, these agents experienced believable and inspirational personality evolution. Through ablation and control experiments, we demonstrated the effectiveness of agent personality evolution, and all of our agent architecture modules contribute to creating believable human-like agents with diverse and dynamic personalities. We also demonstrated through workshops how Evolving Agents could inspire designers.