# Improved Text Emotion Prediction Using Combined Valence and Arousal Ordinal Classification

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.01805 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01805/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 19 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.08237/) (2019)
- [GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00547/) (2020)
- [KUISAIL at SemEval-2020 Task 12: BERT-CNN for Offensive Speech Identification in Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.13184/) (2020)
- [Not All Negatives are Equal: Label-Aware Contrastive Loss for Fine-grained Text Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05427/) (2021)
- [Dimensional Emotion Detection from Categorical Emotion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02499/) (2019)
- [Exploring Transformers in Emotion Recognition: a comparison of BERT, DistillBERT, RoBERTa, XLNet and ELECTRA](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02041/) (2021)
- [Automatically Classifying Emotions based on Text: A Comparative Exploration of Different Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.14727/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Emotion detection in textual data has received growing interest in recent years, as it is pivotal for developing empathetic human-computer interaction systems. This paper introduces a method for categorizing emotions from text, which acknowledges and differentiates between the diversified similarities and distinctions of various emotions. Initially, we establish a baseline by training a transformer-based model for standard emotion classification, achieving state-of-the-art performance. We argue that not all misclassifications are of the same importance, as there are perceptual similarities among emotional classes. We thus redefine the emotion labeling problem by shifting it from a traditional classification model to an ordinal classification one, where discrete emotions are arranged in a sequential order according to their valence levels. Finally, we propose a method that performs ordinal classification in the two-dimensional emotion space, considering both valence and arousal scales. The results show that our approach not only preserves high accuracy in emotion prediction but also significantly reduces the magnitude of errors in cases of misclassification.