# Using Chao's Estimator as a Stopping Criterion for Technology-Assisted Review

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.01176 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01176/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Learnable Weighting of Intra-Attribute Distances for Categorical Data Clustering with Nominal and Ordinal Attributes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.05464/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Technology-Assisted Review (TAR) aims to reduce the human effort required for screening processes such as abstract screening for systematic literature reviews. Human reviewers label documents as relevant or irrelevant during this process, while the system incrementally updates a prediction model based on the reviewers' previous decisions. After each model update, the system proposes new documents it deems relevant, to prioritize relevant documentsover irrelevant ones. A stopping criterion is necessary to guide users in stopping the review process to minimize the number of missed relevant documents and the number of read irrelevant documents. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new ensemble-based Active Learning strategy and a stopping criterion based on Chao's Population Size Estimator that estimates the prevalence of relevant documents in the dataset. Our simulation study demonstrates that this criterion performs well on several datasets and is compared to other methods presented in the literature.