# AI Act and Large Language Models (LLMs): When critical issues and privacy impact require human and ethical oversight

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00600 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00600/

## Key facts

- Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 31 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.07258/) (2021)
- [Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.01301/) (2024)
- [The Foundation Model Transparency Index](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.12941/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Policy-as-Prompt: Turning AI Governance Rules into Guardrails for AI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.23994/) (2025)
- [AI and Human Oversight: A Risk-Based Framework for Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.09090/) (2025)
- [Analyzing User Perceptions of Large Language Models (LLMs) on Reddit: Sentiment and Topic Modeling of ChatGPT and DeepSeek Discussions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18513/) (2025)
- [The AI Legal Specialist: A Juridically Autonomous Professional Profile for AI Governance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.12415/) (2026)
- [LLM Agents at the Roundtable: A Multi-Perspective and Dialectical Reasoning Framework for Essay Scoring](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.14834/) (2025)
- [The SMART+ Framework for AI Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.08592/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The imposing evolution of artificial intelligence systems and, specifically, of Large Language Models (LLM) makes it necessary to carry out assessments of their level of risk and the impact they may have in the area of privacy, personal data protection and at an ethical level, especially on the weakest and most vulnerable. This contribution addresses human oversight, ethical oversight, and privacy impact assessment.