# Classification of Short Segment Pediatric Heart Sounds Based on a Transformer-Based Convolutional Neural Network

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00470 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.00470/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 57 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [A Novel Transfer Learning-Based Approach for Screening Pre-existing Heart Diseases Using Synchronized ECG Signals and Heart Sounds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.01728/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Automated detection of pediatric congenital heart disease from phonocardiograms using deep and handcrafted feature fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.24767/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Congenital anomalies arising as a result of a defect in the structure of the heart and great vessels are known as congenital heart diseases or CHDs. A PCG can provide essential details about the mechanical conduction system of the heart and point out specific patterns linked to different kinds of CHD. This study aims to investigate the minimum signal duration required for the automatic classification of heart sounds. This study also investigated the optimum signal quality assessment indicator (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) RMSSD and (Zero Crossings Rate) ZCR value. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) based feature is used as an input to build a Transformer-Based residual one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which is then used for classifying the heart sound. The study showed that 0.4 is the ideal threshold for getting suitable signals for the RMSSD and ZCR indicators. Moreover, a minimum signal length of 5s is required for effective heart sound classification. It also shows that a shorter signal (3 s heart sound) does not have enough information to categorize heart sounds accurately, and the longer signal (15 s heart sound) may contain more noise. The best accuracy, 93.69%, is obtained for the 5s signal to distinguish the heart sound.