# ChatTracer: Large Language Model Powered Real-time Bluetooth Device Tracking System

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.19833 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.19833/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 20 of its 56 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 20 of 20)

- [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.02155/) (2022)
- [Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.06347/) (2017)
- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
- [Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09288/) (2023)
- [Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11916/) (2022)
- [Mistral 7B](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.06825/) (2023)
- [Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.13138/) (2022)
- [mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.14178/) (2023)
- [Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.19736/) (2023)
- [LanguageMPC: Large Language Models as Decision Makers for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03026/) (2023)
- [Macaw-LLM: Multi-Modal Language Modeling with Image, Audio, Video, and Text Integration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09093/) (2023)
- [HuaTuo: Tuning LLaMA Model with Chinese Medical Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06975/) (2023)
- [ImageBind-LLM: Multi-modality Instruction Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03905/) (2023)
- [BLIVA: A Simple Multimodal LLM for Better Handling of Text-Rich Visual Questions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09936/) (2023)
- [Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlook](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.13721/) (2023)
- [Drive as You Speak: Enabling Human-Like Interaction with Large Language Models in Autonomous Vehicles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.10228/) (2023)
- [A Bibliometric Review of Large Language Models Research from 2017 to 2023](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02020/) (2023)
- [Dead on Arrival: An Empirical Study of The Bluetooth 5.1 Positioning System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.08063/) (2019)
- [BLE Beacons for Indoor Positioning at an Interactive IoT-Based Smart Museum](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.07686/) (2020)
- [Beyond Beaconing: Emerging Applications and Challenges of BLE](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1909.11737/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [EmbedGenius: Towards Automated Software Development for Generic Embedded IoT Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.09058/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way we interact with cyber technologies. In this paper, we study the possibility of connecting LLM with wireless sensor networks (WSN). A successful design will not only extend LLM's knowledge landscape to the physical world but also revolutionize human interaction with WSN. To the end, we present ChatTracer, an LLM-powered real-time Bluetooth device tracking system. ChatTracer comprises three key components: an array of Bluetooth sniffing nodes, a database, and a fine-tuned LLM. ChatTracer was designed based on our experimental observation that commercial Apple/Android devices always broadcast hundreds of BLE packets per minute even in their idle status. Its novelties lie in two aspects: i) a reliable and efficient BLE packet grouping algorithm; and ii) an LLM fine-tuning strategy that combines both supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF). We have built a prototype of ChatTracer with four sniffing nodes. Experimental results show that ChatTracer not only outperforms existing localization approaches, but also provides an intelligent interface for user interaction.