# KazSAnDRA: Kazakh Sentiment Analysis Dataset of Reviews and Attitudes

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.19335 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.19335/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 11 of its 41 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02116/) (2019)
- [Multilingual Denoising Pre-training for Neural Machine Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.08210/) (2020)
- [Multilingual Translation with Extensible Multilingual Pretraining and Finetuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.00401/) (2020)
- [Deep Learning for Sentiment Analysis : A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.07883/) (2018)
- [Rethinking embedding coupling in pre-trained language models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.12821/) (2020)
- [LABR: A Large Scale Arabic Sentiment Analysis Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1411.6718/) (2014)
- [KazNERD: Kazakh Named Entity Recognition Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.13419/) (2021)
- [KOHTD: Kazakh Offline Handwritten Text Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.04075/) (2021)
- [KazakhTTS2: Extending the Open-Source Kazakh TTS Corpus With More Data, Speakers, and Topics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.05771/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Recent Advancements and Challenges of Turkic Central Asian Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.05006/) (2024)
- [KazMMLU: Evaluating Language Models on Kazakh, Russian, and Regional Knowledge of Kazakhstan](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12829/) (2025)
- [Instruction Tuning on Public Government and Cultural Data for Low-Resource Language: a Case Study in Kazakh](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13647/) (2025)
- [Qorgau: Evaluating LLM Safety in Kazakh-Russian Bilingual Contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13640/) (2025)
- [100,000+ Movie Reviews from Kazakhstan: Russian, Kazakh, and Code-Switched Texts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.08600/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents KazSAnDRA, a dataset developed for Kazakh sentiment analysis that is the first and largest publicly available dataset of its kind. KazSAnDRA comprises an extensive collection of 180,064 reviews obtained from various sources and includes numerical ratings ranging from 1 to 5, providing a quantitative representation of customer attitudes. The study also pursued the automation of Kazakh sentiment classification through the development and evaluation of four machine learning models trained for both polarity classification and score classification. Experimental analysis included evaluation of the results considering both balanced and imbalanced scenarios. The most successful model attained an F1-score of 0.81 for polarity classification and 0.39 for score classification on the test sets. The dataset and fine-tuned models are open access and available for download under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) through our GitHub repository.