# Bioinformatics and Biomedical Informatics with ChatGPT: Year One Review

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.15274 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.15274/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 41 of its 114 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 41)

- [Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.10683/) (2019)
- [Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03374/) (2021)
- [Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.01652/) (2021)
- [Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.10601/) (2023)
- [Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.15779/) (2020)
- [Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01219/) (2023)
- [The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.17421/) (2023)
- [A Survey of Hallucination in Large Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.05922/) (2023)
- [MedAlpaca -- An Open-Source Collection of Medical Conversational AI Models and Training Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.08247/) (2023)
- [How is ChatGPT's behavior changing over time?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.09009/) (2023)
- [What can Large Language Models do in chemistry? A comprehensive benchmark on eight tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18365/) (2023)
- [Large Language Models for Generative Information Extraction: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.17617/) (2023)
- [A Study of Generative Large Language Model for Medical Research and Healthcare](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.13523/) (2023)
- [Mol-Instructions: A Large-Scale Biomolecular Instruction Dataset for Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08018/) (2023)
- [A comprehensive evaluation of ChatGPT's zero-shot Text-to-SQL capability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.13547/) (2023)
- [Opportunities and Challenges for ChatGPT and Large Language Models in Biomedicine and Health](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.10070/) (2023)
- [GeneGPT: Augmenting Large Language Models with Domain Tools for Improved Access to Biomedical Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.09667/) (2023)
- [Empowering Molecule Discovery for Molecule-Caption Translation with Large Language Models: A ChatGPT Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.06615/) (2023)
- [ClinicalGPT: Large Language Models Finetuned with Diverse Medical Data and Comprehensive Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09968/) (2023)
- [InstructMol: Multi-Modal Integration for Building a Versatile and Reliable Molecular Assistant in Drug Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16208/) (2023)
- [Review of Large Vision Models and Visual Prompt Engineering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.00855/) (2023)
- [Can GPT-4V(ision) Serve Medical Applications? Case Studies on GPT-4V for Multimodal Medical Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.09909/) (2023)
- [Large AI Models in Health Informatics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11568/) (2023)
- [DrugAssist: A Large Language Model for Molecule Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.10334/) (2023)
- [ChatCounselor: A Large Language Models for Mental Health Support](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.15461/) (2023)
- [DrugChat: Towards Enabling ChatGPT-Like Capabilities on Drug Molecule Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03907/) (2023)
- [Multimodal ChatGPT for Medical Applications: an Experimental Study of GPT-4V](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.19061/) (2023)
- [A Systematic Evaluation of GPT-4V's Multimodal Capability for Medical Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20381/) (2023)
- [Psy-LLM: Scaling up Global Mental Health Psychological Services with AI-based Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.11991/) (2023)
- [A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Benchmark Biomedical Text Processing Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04270/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [MedRAG: Enhancing Retrieval-augmented Generation with Knowledge Graph-Elicited Reasoning for Healthcare Copilot](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.04413/) (2025)
- [SwiftDossier: Tailored Automatic Dossier for Drug Discovery with LLMs and Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.15817/) (2024)
- [A Systematic Review on the Generative AI Applications in Human Medical Genomics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20275/) (2025)
- [Evaluating Agentic Bioinformatics through Function, Evidence, and Validation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.27556/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The year 2023 marked a significant surge in the exploration of applying large language model (LLM) chatbots, notably ChatGPT, across various disciplines. We surveyed the applications of ChatGPT in bioinformatics and biomedical informatics throughout the year, covering omics, genetics, biomedical text mining, drug discovery, biomedical image understanding, bioinformatics programming, and bioinformatics education. Our survey delineates the current strengths and limitations of this chatbot in bioinformatics and offers insights into potential avenues for future developments.