# Transformer-based Fusion of 2D-pose and Spatio-temporal Embeddings for Distracted Driver Action Recognition

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06577 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.06577/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 30 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 30)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.1556/) (2014)
- [Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1506.01497/) (2015)
- [Densely Connected Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1608.06993/) (2016)
- [Going Deeper with Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.4842/) (2014)
- [Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.07750/) (2017)
- [The Kinetics Human Action Video Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.06950/) (2017)
- [SlowFast Networks for Video Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03982/) (2018)
- [Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.09212/) (2019)
- [Swin Transformer V2: Scaling Up Capacity and Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.09883/) (2021)
- [Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.07455/) (2018)
- [A Closer Look at Spatiotemporal Convolutions for Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.11248/) (2017)
- [Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1406.2199/) (2014)
- [Multiscale Vision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.11227/) (2021)
- [TSM: Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Video Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1811.08383/) (2018)
- [X3D: Expanding Architectures for Efficient Video Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.04730/) (2020)
- [Revisiting Skeleton-based Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.13586/) (2021)
- [Beyond Short Snippets: Deep Networks for Video Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.08909/) (2015)
- [Temporal Pyramid Network for Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.03548/) (2020)
- [MMTM: Multimodal Transfer Module for CNN Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.08670/) (2019)
- [Co-occurrence Feature Learning from Skeleton Data for Action Recognition and Detection with Hierarchical Aggregation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.06055/) (2018)
- [2D/3D Pose Estimation and Action Recognition using Multitask Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.09232/) (2018)
- [SkeleMotion: A New Representation of Skeleton Joint Sequences Based on Motion Information for 3D Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.13025/) (2019)
- [Driver Anomaly Detection: A Dataset and Contrastive Learning Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2009.14660/) (2020)
- [Driver Distraction Identification with an Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.09097/) (2019)
- [Two-Stream 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.08106/) (2017)
- [The 7th AI City Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.07500/) (2023)
- [Synthetic Distracted Driving (SynDD2) dataset for analyzing distracted behaviors and various gaze zones of a driver](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.08096/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [CycleCrash: A Dataset of Bicycle Collision Videos for Collision Prediction and Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.19942/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Classification and localization of driving actions over time is important for advanced driver-assistance systems and naturalistic driving studies. Temporal localization is challenging because it requires robustness, reliability, and accuracy. In this study, we aim to improve the temporal localization and classification accuracy performance by adapting video action recognition and 2D human-pose estimation networks to one model. Therefore, we design a transformer-based fusion architecture to effectively combine 2D-pose features and spatio-temporal features. The model uses 2D-pose features as the positional embedding of the transformer architecture and spatio-temporal features as the main input to the encoder of the transformer. The proposed solution is generic and independent of the camera numbers and positions, giving frame-based class probabilities as output. Finally, the post-processing step combines information from different camera views to obtain final predictions and eliminate false positives. The model performs well on the A2 test set of the 2023 NVIDIA AI City Challenge for naturalistic driving action recognition, achieving the overlap score of the organizer-defined distracted driver behaviour metric of 0.5079.