# Hercules: Heterogeneous Requirements Congestion Control Protocol

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00590 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.00590/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Utility Function is All You Need: LLM-based Congestion Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.10357/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Future network services present a significant challenge for network providers due to high number and high variety of co-existing requirements. Despite many advancements in network architectures and management schemes, congested network links continue to constrain the Quality of Service (QoS) for critical applications like tele-surgery and autonomous driving. A prominent, complimentary approach consists of congestion control (CC) protocols which regulate bandwidth at the endpoints before network congestion occurs. However, existing CC protocols, including recent ones, are primarily designed to handle small numbers of requirement classes, highlighting the need for a more granular and flexible congestion control solution. In this paper we introduce Hercules, a novel CC protocol designed to handle heterogeneous requirements. Hercules is based on an online learning approach and has the capability to support any combination of requirements within an unbounded and continuous requirements space. We have implemented Hercules as a QUIC module and demonstrate, through extensive analysis and real-world experiments, that Hercules can achieve up to 3.5-fold improvement in QoS compared to state-of-the-art CC protocols.